AC 2.1

Question 1

social control

Answer 1

-everyone in society is encouraged to conform to the law and anything that helps to persuade people to do this is a form of social control

Question 2

internal forms of social control

Answer 2

-comes from within ourselves; regulate our own behaviour

Question 3

types of internal forms

Answer 3

1. religion - guided by moral codes that religion put forward – “thou shalt not kill”
2. upbringing - way we are raised has an influence on why we abide by laws – taught to have manners
3. traditions - linked to upbringing, conditioned us to know how to behave
4. conscience - moral compass tells us we shouldn’t commit crimes as it’s wrong, links to religion, upbringing and traditions
5. rational ideology - people have an idea of what is right and wrong, abide by law
6. internalisation of social rules - people work out what their social values are

Question 4

external forms of social control

Answer 4

-some organisations have power to make sure that people follow rules and laws
-police, judges and prisons = agents of social control
-presence of police officers, enough to make people behave

Question 5

coercion and fear of punishment

Answer 5

-coercion = force
-prisons use physical coercion through threat of imprisonment, seen in suspended sentences with threat of custody if law is broken
-use of punishment = a threat to stop people offending = deterrence
-fear of punishment = form of coercion
-threat of coercion = actual punishment

Question 6

control theory

Answer 6

-explains why people don’t commit crimes

Question 7

two control theories

Answer 7

1. Reckless: containment theory
2. Hirschi: social bonds theory

Question 8

1. containment theory

Answer 8

-all have psychological tendencies that lead to criminality
-effective socialisation can provide internal containment by building self control
-external containment = influence of social groups; laws of society
-combination of internal psychological containment and external social containment prevent people from deviating from social norms and commit crimes

Question 9

2. social bonds theory

Answer 9

-people must form social bonds to prevent criminal behaviour
1. attachment - to role models, care about opinions, respect norms, less likely to break them
2. commitment - conventional goals, more to lose by committing crimes
3. involvement - in study/sports, less time and energy for criminality
4. beliefs - socialised to believe it is right to obey the law, less likely to break it