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xD3 Pharm Exam 3 > Abuse Overview (Beardsley) > Flashcards

Abuse Overview (Beardsley) Flashcards

1
Q

What includes one or more of the following:

  1. Social and interpersonal consequences
  2. Physically hazardous to use
  3. Legal problems
A

Substance Abuse

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2
Q

What includes 3 or more of the following:

  1. Tolerance
  2. Withdrawal
  3. Can’t Stop
  4. Preoccupation
  5. Social and Interpersonal Consequences
  6. Continued Use Despite Aggravation of Problems
A

Substance Dependence

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3
Q

What includes the following:

  1. Stereotypical syndrome (ANS) during abstinence
  2. Inferred, altered physiological state
  3. Physiological homeostasis now requires drug (cross-dependence)
A

Physical Dependence

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4
Q

What characterizes the ability of a CNS-active drug to produce a positive psychic effect predictive of the risk of addiction?

A

Abuse Potential

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5
Q

What describes abuse potential in a social and public health context and captures not only the abuse potential of a drug but other factors, including ease of synthesis, and drug abuse and diversion history?

A

Abuse Liability

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6
Q

What is a diminished response to a drug dose attributable to experience with the drug?

A

Tolerance

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7
Q

True or False: Drug Tolerance means the magnitude of the initial response is able to be recaptured by increasing the dose.

A

True

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8
Q

What are 3 types of tolerance?

A
  1. Tachyphylaxis
  2. Innate
  3. Acquired
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9
Q

Which type of tolerance is characterized by a very rapid reduction in responsiveness to a drug?

A

Tachyphylaxis

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10
Q

What type of tolerance is genetically-determined and is an atypical insensitivity to a drug?

A

Innate Tolerance

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11
Q

Which type of tolerance is not a “true” tolerance?

A

Innate Tolerance

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12
Q

Which type of tolerance is the “typical” one and is characterized by higher doses being required to produce the desired effect?

A

Acquired Tolerance

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13
Q

What is cross tolerance?

A

A dose of Drug B has less effect after an experience with Drug A

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14
Q

Is acquired tolerance essential for a drug of abuse?

A

No

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15
Q

What are mechanisms through which acquired tolerance may occur?

A
  1. Pharmacokinetic or metabolic
  2. Pharmacodynamic or functional
  3. Learned or behavioral
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16
Q

What are the 3 purposes of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970?

A
  1. Combat drug trafficking
  2. Assure drug availability for legitimate use
  3. Comply with international treaties
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17
Q

What established the process by which drugs (including medications) are evaluated and regulated by their abuse potential?

A

Controlled Subtances Act (CSA) of 1970

18
Q

Classification into the 5 schedules is based upon what?

A

Abuse potential, toxicity and medical need

19
Q

What are the 8 factors for classification into the 5 schedules?

A
  1. Actual or relative potential for abuse
  2. Scientific evidence of pharmacological effects
  3. State of current scientific knowledge
  4. History / pattern of abuse (and legitimate use)
  5. Scope, duration, and significance of abuse
  6. Risks to public health
  7. Psychic or physiological dependence?
  8. Is it a precursor of an already controlled substance?
20
Q

What drug schedule has a high abuse liability, no medical applications, and a lack of accepted safety?

A

Schedule I

21
Q

What drug schedule has a high abuse liability, medical applications, and severe psychological / physical dependence?

A

Schedule II

22
Q

What drug schedule has somewhat less drug abuse potential, medical applications, moderate / low physical dependence or high psychological dependence?

A

Schedule III

23
Q

What drug schedule has lower abuse potential, medical applications, and limited psychological / physical dependence?

A

Schedule IV

24
Q

What drug schedule has low abuse potential, medical application and low psychological physical dependence?

A

Schedule V

25
Q

Is the current scheduling of all drugs logical?

A

No

26
Q

What schedule includes LSD, marijuana, heroin, mescaline, GHB?

A

Schedule I

27
Q

What schedule includes cocaine, fentanyl, meperidine (demerol), oxycodone, amphetamine,
pentobarbital?

A

Schedule II

28
Q

What schedule includes testosterone, dronabinol, thiopental, buprenorphine, GHB?

A

Schedule III

29
Q

What schedule includes modafinil, diazepam, zolpidem, methohexital, fospropofol, sibutramine?

A

Schedule IV

30
Q

What schedule includes certain codeine, opium, & diphenoxylate preparations?

A

Schedule V

31
Q

Which governmental agency has the following responsibilities:

  1. Abuse potential = risk assessment
  2. Labeling of abuse / dependence risks
  3. No control at level of prescriber, dispenser or patient
A

FDA

32
Q

What governmental agency has the following responsibilities:

  1. LIcenses Cl-II manufactureres; sets quotes
  2. Regulates prescribers, dispensing pharmacies
  3. Law enforcement
A

DEA

33
Q

What are four factors that affect drug use and are considered during drug scheduling?

A
  1. Chemical and Pharmaceutical factors (solubility, PK, ease of synthesis)
  2. Dstribution (marketing) factors (dosage form, formulation)
  3. Psychosocial factors
  4. Pharmacological factors
34
Q

What are some specific pharmacological factors affecting abuse liability?

A
  1. Physical dependence
  2. Pharmacological equivalence to known abused drugs
  3. Reinforcing (self-administration) effects
35
Q

What is inferred when discontinuation of the chronic administration of a drug results in the emergence of a stereotypical withdrawal syndrome?

A

Physical Dependence

36
Q

The withdrawal signs one sees when a person stops using a drug are the same or the opposite of the effects of the drug itself?

A

The opposite

37
Q

What are ways pharmacological equivalence can be determined?

A
  1. Structural similarity
  2. Biochemical similarity (binding to similar receptor types, effects on neurotransmitter dynamics)
  3. Pharmacological similarity
38
Q

What is the most important info when determining abuse potential (according to Dr Beardsley)?

A

Reinforcing (self-administration) effects

39
Q

What is a laboratory evaluation of whether subjects will volitionally self-administer a test compound?

A

Self-administration Tests

40
Q

What conclusion can one draw if a laboratory animal will not self-administer a drug?

A

That drug is not considered a drug of abuse

41
Q

What are some subjective effects measures tests?

A
  1. Visual analog scales
  2. Ordinal scales
  3. Yes / no and True / False Questions
  4. Multiple choice

xD3 Pharm Exam 3 (8 decks)

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