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Physiology III > Absorptive & Postabsorptive Nutrient Utilization I > Flashcards

Absorptive & Postabsorptive Nutrient Utilization I Flashcards

1
Q

are digestion and absorption continuous?

A

NOPE

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2
Q

what are the three phases of fuel metabolism?

A

absorptive phase
postabsorptive phase
prolonged energy deficiency

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3
Q

list the major fuel of the brain for each phase of fuel metabolism

A

phase I (absorptive) - glc
phase II (postabsorptive) - glc
phase III - ketones

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4
Q

what fluctuates more dramatically, AA and FA levels or glc levels?

A

AA and FA

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5
Q

why do glc levels have to be kept within a strict concentration?

A

basic metabolic fuel
brain uses glc almost exclusively

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6
Q

which 3 metabolic fuels are channeled to depot sites during absorptive phase?

A

glc
aa
TG/FA

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7
Q

what’s protein mainly used for?

A

body protein
metabolism if needed

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8
Q

what’s glc mainly used for?

A

metabolism ASAP

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9
Q

what’s FA mainly used for?

A

adipose +/- metabolism

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10
Q

what’s the pathway where all fuels are used?

A

krebs cycle

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11
Q

glc is stored as ___ in liver and muscle during absorptive phase

A

glycogen

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12
Q

what’s the first step in glc processing?

A

glycolysis

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13
Q

excess glc can be converted to ____ in liver

A

FA

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14
Q

nitrogen is transferred to ___ -> alanine

A

pyruvate
aka transport AA

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15
Q

what’s the major source of blood urea?

A

liver

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16
Q

do AA get removed from circulation on first of second liver passge?

A

first

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17
Q

what does the liver selectively remove AA for?

A

ones that can be used for hepatic protein and plasma protein synthesis or for liver metabolism

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18
Q

most AA can be converted to ___ and ___ synthesis

A

glc and FA

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19
Q

what’s the storage form of AA?

A

muscle protein

20
Q

when does a “net increase” in muscle protein occur?

A

when synthesis&raquo_space;> breakdown

21
Q

after liver deamination, keto-analogues are… (3 possibilities)

A
  1. metabolized
  2. enter gluconeogenesis/glycogenesis
  3. enter FA synthesis
22
Q

what’s the storage form of FA?

A

triglycerides

23
Q

what do pools of FA consist of?

A

NEFA and glycerol

24
Q

where are NEFA and TG repackaged?

A

liver

25
Q

during postabsorptive phase, what do fat cells release?

A

glycerol and NEFA

26
Q

can FA be converted to glc? why?

A

nope
since decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is irreversible

27
Q

what’s derived from FA to act as alternative fuel source?

A

ketone bodies

28
Q

where can ketone bodies be used during prolonged energy deficiency?

A

brain and heart

29
Q

what two things regulate transfer of metabolic fuels into pools during absorptive phase?

A

insulin
glucagon

30
Q

in order to reduce circulating glc concentrations, insulin sitm…

A

glc uptake in liver
glycogen synthesis in liver/muscle
FA synthesis in liver and adipose
protein synthesis in liver/muscle

31
Q

how is insulin secretion stim?

A

increased levels of glc in circulation

31
Q

insulin is secreted by pancreatic __-cells

A

beta

32
Q

glucagon is secreted by pancreatic ___-cells

A

alpha

33
Q

how is glucagon secretion stim?

A

low levels of glc and/or high levels of aa

34
Q

insulin promotes glc uptake by increasing surface exposure of ___ transporters

A

GLUT 4

35
Q

insulin stim glycogen synthesis in liver by ____ of glycogensynthase (activated) and by ____ of glycogenphosphatase (inactive)

A

dephosphorylation for both

36
Q

describe what happens when glc&raquo_space; aa

A
37
Q

describe what happens when glc </= aa

A
38
Q

high aa levels stim both ___ and ___ secretion

A

insulin and glucagon

39
Q

high glc levels stim mostly ___ secretion

A

insulin

40
Q

glucagon is stim by high ___ and low ___ levels

A

high aa
low glc

41
Q

what does glucagon stim from aa in order to prevent hypoglycemia?

A

gluconeogenesis

42
Q

during the ____ phase, metabolic fuels are channeled to depot sites, and glc is used to maintain metabolism

A

absorptive

43
Q

during the ___ phase, metabolic fuels are mobilized from depots

A

post-absorptive

44
Q

both a ___-rich diet and the ___ phase are characterized by low glc levels

A

protein rich
post-absorptive phase

Physiology III (18 decks)

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