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World History H > Absolutism > Flashcards

Absolutism Flashcards

1
Q

As feudalism declined and exploration led to larger empires, what happened?

A

Stronger kingdoms and monarchs emerged

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2
Q

Why did many absolutist leaders believe they had their position?

A

It was a divine right

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3
Q

What is one major similarity between all absolutist monarchs?

A

They didn’t get along well with nobles.

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4
Q

How did absolutism help give Germany a strong future in the realm of military?

A

Absolutist Prussia built a strong military tradition that continued on into the 20th century.

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5
Q

Where was King James I king before England?

A

Scotland

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6
Q

By being a Catholic, what people group did King James I anger?

A

Puritans

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7
Q

What were the four points of the Petition of Right signed by King James I’s son Charles I?

A

No imprisonment without due cause, no levying taxes without parliament’s support, no housing soldiers in private homes, and no martial law during peacetime.

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8
Q

What were the sides of the English Civil War?

A

Cavaliers and Roundheads. Cavaliers supported the king and roundheads supported the parliament.

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9
Q

Who was a puritan leader that helped win the English Civil War?

A

Oliver Cromwell

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10
Q

What happened to Charles I after the English Civil war?

A

He was imprisoned, then became the first ruler in Europe to be executed. (this was because he was catholic)

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11
Q

What kind of leader was Oliver Cromwell?

A

A military dictator

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12
Q

What happened to the English government after Oliver Cromwell died in 1658?

A

The government collapsed and a new parliament and Charles I’s son (Charles II) takes the throne.

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13
Q

What was the name given to Charles II’s reign?

A

The restoration

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14
Q

What is habeas corpus?

A

It lets one see the charges that are against them and give a right to a free trial.

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15
Q

How does James II go over?

A

Since he was Catholic, people didn’t like him.

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16
Q

When James II was asked to leave the English throne and to be replaced by William and Mary, what is the blood-list revolution called?

A

The glorious revolution

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17
Q

What was the governmental system called under William and Mary (since they lost the absolute monarchy and gave parliament more power)?

A

Constitutional monarchy

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18
Q

What was in the English Bill of Rights?

A

No suspending parliament’s laws, no levying of taxes without a specific grant from parliament, no interfering with the freedom of speech in parliament, and no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances.

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19
Q

What is the group called that advises the king?

A

Cabinet

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20
Q

What was the ruling family of Spain during this time?

A

The Hapsburgs

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21
Q

What was the ruling family of France during this time?

A

The Bourbons

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22
Q

What was the thirty years war?

A

A conflict based on religion and territory among European ruling families for power

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23
Q

What were the two phases of the Thirty Years war?

A

The Hapsburg triumphs and the Hapsburg defeats.

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24
Q

What was the Bohemian protestant revolt?

A

Many bohemians disliked the Holy Roman Emperor: Ferdinand II, who was the head of the Hapsburg family. When he closed protestant churches, Bohemian protestants revolted.

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25
Q

What were the Hapsburg triumphs?

A

During the fist 12 years of the 30 years war, Hapsburgs from Austria and Spain were successful in putting down those who were against them.

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26
Q

What were the Hapsburg defeats?

A

Swedish General Gustavus Adolphus and his army of 23,000 drove the Hapsburgs out of northern Germany in 1630. Leaders of the Catholic church in France didn’t want any other nation to have as much power as France. They then sent French troops to join the protestants in defeating the Hapsburgs.

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27
Q

What was the end to the 30 years war?

A

The Treaty of Westphalia.

28
Q

What did the Treaty of Westphalia do besides end the 30 years war?

A

It weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria, strengthened France (giving it German territory), made German princes more independent of Holy Rome, ended religious wars in Europe, and introduced a new method of peace negotiation which is still used today.

29
Q

What is the new kind of peace negotiation that the Treaty of Westphalia created?

A

Where all parties decide the terms.

30
Q

What marked the beginning of the modern state system?

A

The Treaty of Westphalia

31
Q

how was the Economy of central Europe held back by the middle ages?

A

Aristocracies passed laws restricting serfs possibility of freedom. (this was so nobles could get a lot of profit)

32
Q

How did nobles in central Europe let kings have little income?

A

They made no law courts and no army giving no strong ruler and leading to no states to form.

33
Q

What left a power vacuum in central Europe?

A

Ottoman and Holy Roman empires declining in power.

34
Q

How did Austria begin to get stronger?

A

The Hapsburgs wiped out Czech protestantism and retook Hungary. Charles VI then became the Hapsburg ruler.

35
Q

How did Maria Theresa inherit the Austrian throne?

A

Charles VI, her father, convinced European Leaders to let her reign as well as signing agreements that would guarantee a peaceful reign.

36
Q

What was the ruling family of Prussia?

A

The Hohenzollerns

37
Q

What did Frederick William decide was the only way to ensure safety of Prussia?

A

To build a strong army (he created the best in Europe)

38
Q

Why did Frederick I of Prussia move to an absolute monarchy?

A

For the safety of his citizens

39
Q

Why did Prussia become a highly militarized society?

A

Frederick I bought nobilities who owned land and gave them a right to be officers in the army

40
Q

Why was Frederick I worried about his son?

A

He was interested in the humanities instead of the military which Frederick I believed was essential for a future ruler to understand.

41
Q

Frederick II and a friend tried to run away from Frederick I, but they were caught. What happened to Frederick II?

A

He was forced, by his father, to watch the beheading of his friend

42
Q

What was another name for Frederick II?

A

Frederick the Great

43
Q

What made Frederick II “the Great”?

A

He used his father’s military policies, softened his father’s laws (in general), and encouraged religious tolerance as well as legal reform.

44
Q

What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be to his people?

A

A father

45
Q

What was the war of the Austrian succession?

A

Frederick the Great wanted a resourceful piece of Austrian land, so he went to take it while underestimating Maria Theresa’s strength. Britain and Hungary gave aid to Austria, but they lost their territory in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.

46
Q

What did the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle do besides in end the War of the Austrian Succession?

A

It declared Prussia as a major European power

47
Q

What was the seven years war?

A

Another war between Prussia and Austria as a result of the formation of alliances between France and Austria

48
Q

What were the allying engagements during the seven years war?

A

Austria, France, and Russia vs Prussia, and Britain (opposite & Russia of War of Austrian Succession)

49
Q

What were the results of the 7 years war on Europe?

A

There were no changes in territories

50
Q

What were the results of the 7 years war on the rest of the world?

A

France lost American colonies to Britain and Britain gained control over India.

51
Q

Who was the first Czar of Russia?

A

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

52
Q

What was Ivan’s good period?

A

1547-1560 - Ivan expanded Russia, won great victories, gave Russia a code of laws, and rule Russia justly

53
Q

What was Ivan’s bad period?

A

1560-death - Began when Ivan’s wife Anastasia died. He organized a police force (who would hunt people down Ivan thought were traitors)

54
Q

In 1581, during a violent quarrel with his son, what did Ivan IV do?

A

He killed his oldest don (the heir) leaving his second son to rule, but he wasn’t fit to rule.

55
Q

What was the time of troubles?

A

Boyers fought for power, heirs of Czars died under mysterious circumstances, and imposters tried to take the throne.

56
Q

In 1613, representatives chose who to be the next Czar?

A

Michael Romanov –> this began the Romanov dynasty

57
Q

What did Peter I do as many other Czars did?

A

He increased the power of a Czar

58
Q

How was Russia isolated from the rest of Europe?

A

Eastern Orthodox was frowned upon by much of Western and Central Europe as well as the Mongols taking over and cutting Russia off from the Renaissance

59
Q

What did Peter I think Russia needed to do to compete with other European nations?

A

They would need a warm water port

60
Q

What was the grand embassy?

A

A trip Peter I made to other European nations to see their culture and societal structure in order to improve Russia and integrate the nation with the rest of Europe

61
Q

How did Peter I try to make Russia stronger?

A

By Westernizing it

62
Q

To force his change on Russia, what did Peter I do?

A

He increased the power of Czars

63
Q

How did Peter I increase Czar power?

A

He took over the church, he decreased the power of landowning nobles, he hired European officers tor the military.

64
Q

What did Peter I do to westernize Russia?

A

He introduced potatoes, started the first Russian newspaper, raised the status of women, ordered nobles to only used western fashion, and advanced education

65
Q

Why did Peter I fight Sweden?

A

To gain a portion of the baltic coast which was important for his goals for the nation

66
Q

What was the new capital?

A

St. Petersburg

67
Q

What did Peter I (Peter the Great) succeed in?

A

Making Russia a major power

World History H (6 decks)

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