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SURG > ABSITE KILLER PLUS > Flashcards

ABSITE KILLER PLUS Flashcards

1
Q

Type I error

A

Reject null hypothesis incorrectly (aka it is false but you said it was true)

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2
Q

Type II Error

A

Accept null hypothesis error – aka false negative!

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3
Q

Type III error

A

Conclusions not supported by data

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4
Q

Prospective cohort study

A

Non random assignment to tx group

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5
Q

ANOVA is a t-test for ..

A

> 2 samples of QUANTITATIVE data (continuous variables)

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6
Q

Non parametric stats are used for what kind of data analysis?

A

Qualitative data analysis

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7
Q

Source of fever in atelectasis

A

Alveolar macrophages

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8
Q

Where is the TCA cycle located?

A

Inner matrix membrane of mitochondria

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9
Q

Nucleus has outer membrane that is continuous with..

A

Rough ER

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10
Q

Where are ribosomes made?

A

Nucleolus (remember – no membrane!)

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11
Q

Rough ER makes protein for..

A

Export!

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12
Q

Smooth ER is for..

A

Cytoplasmic proteins

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13
Q

Typical protein/lipid content of plasma membrane

A

60% protein

40% lipids

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14
Q

Increasing cholesterol content of plasma membrane does what for proteins?

A

Increases mobility of proteins

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15
Q

First sign of malignant hyperthermia

A

Increased end tidal CO2

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16
Q

Lymphatics lack what?

A

Basement membrane

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17
Q

Rate limiting step in cholesterol formation

A

HMG CoA Reductase

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18
Q

Steroid hormones go to nucleus AFTER binding where?

A

In the cytoplasm of the target cell

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19
Q

Krebs cycle generates how much ATP from 1 glucose

A

38

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20
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis generates how much ATP

A

2 ATP and lactate

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21
Q

What produces renin and why?

A

Macula densa senses low NaCl and produces renin

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22
Q

What does renin do

A

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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23
Q

MOA of angiotensin II

A

ATII is a vasoconstrictor and increases aldosterone which keeps Na, loses K/H in urine

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24
Q

Describe how renal osteodystrophy leads to secondary hyper PTH

A

Kidney loses Ca, keeps PO4

Decreased vit D-1 hydroxylation

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25
Q

L vagus nerve gives off what branch?

A

Hepatic branch

LARP (anterior!)

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26
Q

R vagus nerve gives off what two branches

A

Celiac branch and criminal nerve of Grassi which if undivided can keep elevated acid levels post vagotomy

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27
Q

Parietal cells produce …

A

H+ and intrinsic factor which binds B12 and absorbed in TI

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28
Q

3 main stimuli for H+ production

A

ACh, gastrin, and histamine

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29
Q

How do we increase HCl production?

A

ACH and gastrin activate PIP, DAG to inc Ca, activate protein kinase C which incr Hal production

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30
Q

How does histamine increase HCl production

A

Acts on parietal cells via cAMP to incr HCl production

Think Happy cAMPer

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31
Q

Gastrin produced by what

A

Astral G cells

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32
Q

Gastrin inhibited by

A

H+ in duodenum

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33
Q

Gastrin stimulated by

A

amino acids, ACH

34
Q

MOA of omeprazole

A

Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cell

35
Q

Somatostatin inhibits…

A

Gastrin, insulin, secretin, ACh

Decreases pancreatic and biliary output

36
Q

Somatostatin stimulated by

A

Acid in duodenum

37
Q

Proximal vagotomy abolishes ??

A

RECEPTIVE relaxation which increases liquid emptying. No change in solids.

38
Q

Most common sx post-vagotomy

A

Diarrhea

39
Q

Dumping syndrome occurs post-vagotomy in how many?

A

10%

40
Q

Early dumping syndrome is due to

A

Hyper osmotic load, fluid shift

41
Q

Late dumping syndrome is due to ..

A

Increased insulin with decreased glucose

42
Q

How often does dumping syndrome fail to respond to dietary measures

A

1%

43
Q

Enterokinase activates ..

A

Trypsinogen, which becomes trypsin – > activates other enzymes of digestion

44
Q

CCK from intestinal mucosa acts to… (3 things)

A

Contract GB
Relax sphincter of odds
Incr pancreatic enzyme secretion

45
Q

Primary stimulus of pancreatic bicarb secretion

A

Secretin

46
Q

After small bowel resection, what hormone is increased

A

Enteroglucagon (small bowel mucosal hypertrophy)

47
Q

Peptid YY is released from TI when?

A

With a mixed meal. It inhibits acid secretion

48
Q

Bile is composed of ..

A

80% bile salts, 15% lecithin, 5% cholesterol

49
Q

How does gallbladder concentrate bile

A

Active resorption of NaCl, H2O then follows.

50
Q

Bile pool is approx how many grams?

A

5g. Gets recirculated q4h, we lose about 0.5g daily (aka 10%)

51
Q

Stones form in which 3 situations

A

Increased cholesterol
Decreased bile salts
Decreased lecithin

52
Q

2 Primary bile acids

A

Chalice acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

53
Q

2 Secondary bile acids

A

Formed by intestinal bacteria
Deoxycholic acid
Lithocholic acid

54
Q

MMC

A

Interdigestive motility.
90 minute cycles
Starts in stomach, goes to TI

55
Q

Phase I (gastric)

A

Quiescence

56
Q

Phase II

A

Gallbladder contraction

57
Q

Phase III

A

Peristalsis

58
Q

Phase IV

A

subsiding electric activity

59
Q

Key stimulatory hormone of digestion

A

Motilin

60
Q

What part of small bowel absorbs most Na and H2O?

A

Jejunum. Much more permeable than ileum

61
Q

Intrinsic pathway assoc with PTT or PT?

A

PTT

62
Q

Which tissue factor common to both intrinsic and extrinsic

A

X

63
Q

Which tissue factor crosslinks fibrin to form plug?

A

XIII

64
Q

What is single best test to evaluate synthetic function of liver

A

PT

65
Q

Banked blood is low in what?

A

2,3 DPG which increases Hgb affinity for O2 (left shift)

66
Q

Cryo contains what ?

A

Fibrinogen

VWF-VIII

67
Q

Protein C degrades which factors

A

Active V and VIII

68
Q

Only factor not made in liver

A

Factor VIII (made by reticuloendothelial system!)

69
Q

Von Willebrand’s effect on PTT, bleeding time etc

A

Long PTT
Long bleeding time
+ristocetin test

70
Q

Type I and III VW disease have what problem with VWF

A

Low AMOUNTS. They’ll respond to DDAVP

71
Q

Type II VW disease has what problem with VWF

A

Poor quality vWF

72
Q

Only inherited coagulopathy with long bleeding time?

A

von willebrands

73
Q

Inheritance of von willebrands

A

Autosomal dominant

74
Q

ddAVP is useful in…

A

von willebrands, pts on ASA or w/uremic plt

75
Q

Glanzmann thrombasthenia deficinecy in ..

A

IIb/IIIa receptor deficiency, causing decreased platelet aggregation

76
Q

Bernard Soulier deficiency in..

A

Ib deficiency causing decreased adherence to exposed collagen

77
Q

VII deficiency causes what PT/PTT effects?

A

Long PT, normal PTT

78
Q

Hemophilia A causes what PT/PTT effects?

A

Normal PT, long PTT

79
Q

Hemophilia B is a deficiency in?

A

IX

80
Q

Levels of factor VIII should be replaced to what amount pre op in hemophilia A

A

100%

81
Q

Levels of factor IX should be replaced to what amount pre op in hemophilia B

A

50%

82
Q

Tx of hemophiliac joint

A

Do not aspirate! Give ice, ROM therapy, give factor VIII

SURG (17 decks)

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