ABP Content Specs #7 Cognitive and Adaptive Issues Flashcards
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Phonemic awareness?
-needed for reading
-ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds of language (phonemes) to form words
-progress from rhyming to more sophisticated things like blending sounds int oa word (f/ah/t = fat) to segment sounds of a word, dlete a sound from an intact word (deleting F from F/ah/t to get /at/).
Phonics?
knowledge of relationships btwn letters and sounds and spelling-sound correspondende which allows for decoding words
THings needed for reading comprehension?
decode and sight read, vocabulary, oral comprehension, and executive functioning
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semantic?
word and sentence meanings
grammar/syntax
order of words in phrases and sentences; set of rules which govern the combination of morphemes and words in sentences
prosody?
vocal intonation used when pronouncing words
pragmatics?
social aspects that consider speaker and context; social use of language including body language, volume of speech, conversational skills
Condition that results in sudden or gradual development of aphasia?
Landau-Kleffner syndrome
-sudden aphasia, ages 3-7 years
-first get auditory verbal agnosia, when pts don’t recognize familiar sounds and are impaired in their ability to localize sound; seizures common
Poor semantic skills result in what?
-lack of understanding of meanign an appropriate use of single words, phrase, and sentences
-poor semantic skills include ability to recognize and name categorical labels, difficulty in using descriptive words, difficulty recognizing words by their definitions
-difficulty following verbal instructions, finding words to express self, categorizing words, understanding figurative lang, or choosing specific words (e.g. stuff or things often b/c specific names of objects are difficult to produce).
Poor syntax results in what?
-difficulties understanding rules that govern word order in sentence or phrase
-may leave out words, use incorrect word order, only use limited number of complex sentences
-difficulty understanding verb tenses (e.g. using past/present/future, to be or -ing, grammatical markers)
Broca’s area?
left frontal region of brain
Wernicke’s area?
left temporal region of brain
Dysarthria?
poor control of muscles required for speech production
usually due to cerebral palsy, acquired brain injury, neuromuscular disorders
have abnormal tone, strength, and coordination of facial/oral-motor/respiratory muscles
Apraxia?
impaired ability to plan and initiate motor movements involved the speech musculature
difficulties with planning speech instead of executing speech production
no weakness or tone issues in muscles
Age at which kids can accurately pronounce most words?
by age 7 yrs, most children able to produce majority of speech sounds and most words
late 8 sounds (l, r, s, z, th, ch, dzh, an zh) are most often misarticulated but usually by age 8 yrs is finished
