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Liz's Blood Bank Module 1 > ABO System > Flashcards

ABO System Flashcards

1
Q

ABO genes are expressed _____ via ____

A

Codominantly; Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

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2
Q

Common ABO genes (4)

A

A1, A2, B, O

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3
Q

Which ABO gene is an amorph?

A

O gene

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4
Q

ABH Ags are predominantly ____ (sugars joined through ____ to fatty acids)

A

Glycolipids (more specifically glycosphingolipids → precursor substance); sphingosine

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5
Q

Immunogenicity of ABH Ags are found in….

A

CHO portion of glycolipids

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6
Q

H Ag

  • Sugar
  • Enzyme
A

Fucose; fucosyltransferase

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7
Q

A Ag

  • Sugar
  • Enzyme
A

N-acetylgalactoseamine; N-acetylgalactoseaminyltransferase

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8
Q

B Ag

  • Sugar
  • Enzyme
A

Galactose; Galactosyltransferase

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9
Q

Presence of H Ags is detected with….

A

Anti-H lectin

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10
Q

ABO reactivity w/ anti-H lectin

A

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B > Oh

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11
Q

Group O

  • Frequency
  • Ags present on RBC membrane
  • Abs developed
  • Compatible blood type
A
  • 45%
  • H Ag
  • Anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B
  • O blood
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12
Q

Bombay

  • Ags present on RBC membrane
  • Abs developed
  • IAT reaction
  • Compatible blood type
A
  • None
  • Allo-anti-H, anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B
  • Strongly positive at all phases b/c of reactivity to anti-H (screening cells are group O)
  • Bombay blood
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13
Q

Group AB

  • Frequency
  • Ags present on RBC membrane
  • Abs developed
  • Compatible blood type
A
  • 4% (A1B 80%; A2B 20%)
  • H, A, B Ags
  • No Abs
  • A, B, O blood
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14
Q

Group A

  • Frequency
  • Ags present on RBC membrane
  • Abs developed
  • Compatible blood type
A
  • 40% (A1 80%, A2 20%)
  • H, A Ags
  • Anti-B
  • A, O blood
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15
Q

Anti-A lectin
Anti-H lectin
- Use

A

Dolichos biflorus
Ulex europaeus
- Differentiate b/w A1 and A2

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16
Q

Group B

  • Frequency
  • Ags present on RBC membrane
  • Abs developed
  • Compatible blood type
A
  • 11%
  • H, B Ags
  • Anti-A
  • Group B, O blood
17
Q

ABH Ags are ____ and found in ____

A

Soluble; secretions

18
Q

Presence of ABH soluble Ags depends on ____ gene

A

Secretor (Se)

19
Q

Se gene is inherited ____ from ABH genes

- if present, individual is considered a ____ and will have ABH Ags in secretions

A

Independently; secretor

20
Q

If Se is inherited, ABO type can be determined from secretions via…

A

Hemagglutination inhibition test

21
Q

Development of ABH Ags

- In fetus

A

BM; not fully developed

22
Q

Development of ABH Ags

- Detectable at…

A

6th week of gestation

23
Q

Development of ABH Ags

- Fully developed at…

A

6-18 months

24
Q

Development of ABH Ags

- After ____, Ag strength remains steady for life

A

Age 3

25
Q

ABH Abs form in response to ____ stimuli

A

Environmental (“naturally occurring”)

26
Q

Anti-A and anti-B

- Ig class

A

IgM

27
Q

ABH Abs

- Origin

A
  • Transfusion of incompatible RBCs
  • Pregnancy (leakage of incompatible fetal cells into mom’s circulation)
  • Vaccinations (some contain A and B soluble substances)
28
Q

Development of ABH Abs

- At birth

A

No Abs formed yet

- Any detectable Abs are of maternal origin

29
Q

Development of ABH Abs

- 3-6 months of age

A

Detectable amounts

30
Q

Development of ABH Abs

- Ages 5-10 years old

A

Highest titers, then gradually decreases (unnoticeably)

31
Q

Anti-A,B

- Ig class

A

50/50 w/ respect to IgG and IgM

- Common cause of HDFN

32
Q 
Serologic reactivity of ABH Abs
- Optimal temperature
- Detected at \_\_\_\_ AHG stage
- Cross placenta?
Bind to complement?
A
  • Room temp or colder (4C enhances IgM; 37C and AHG due to IgG component)
  • Immediate sprin
  • Does not cross placenta
  • Bind C’ (causes hemolysis)
33
Q

Front typing/Forward Grouping/Cell Typing

- Un/known Ag and un/known Ab source

A

Ab source: reagent antisera (known)

Ag source: patient RBCs (unknown)

34
Q

Back typing/Reverse Grouping/Serum Typing

- Un/known Ag and un/known Ab source

A

Ag source: Reagent RBC (known) → A1 and B cells

Ab source: patient serum (unknown)

Liz's Blood Bank Module 1 (10 decks)

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