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Blood Bank Test 2 > ABO Review Sheet Information > Flashcards

ABO Review Sheet Information Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three allels of the ABO system?

A

ABH

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2
Q

Name the four phenotype of the ABO system.

A

A
B
O
AB

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3
Q

Name the six genotypes of the ABO system

A

AA AO
BB BO
OO AB

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4
Q

Which ABO genes are dominant over O

A

A and B

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5
Q

Which ABO gene is recessive?

A

O

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6
Q

Which ABO genes are codominant?

A

A and B

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7
Q

Which antigen must be present on RBCs in order for expression of ABO antigens?

A

H

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8
Q

What is the immunodominant sugar associated with the H antigen?

A

L-fucose

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9
Q

What is the immunodominant sugar associated with the A antigen?

A

N-acetylD-galactosamine (GalNac)

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10
Q

What is the immunodominant sugar associated with the B antigen?

A

D-galatose (Gal)

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11
Q

Describe the outcome of an hh person

A

Bombay

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12
Q

Describe the outcome if a Bombay person recieves O blood.

A

O RBCs will be destroyed due to H antigen on the transfused blood. Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-AB and Anti-H in serum.

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13
Q

Forward Typing
Bombay
Group O

A

Anti A Anti-B Anti H
0 0 0
0 0 4+

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14
Q

Reverse Typing
Bombay
Group O

A

A cells B cells
4+ 4+
4+ 4+

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15
Q

What are the two major subgroups of group A and their frequency?

A

A1 (80%)

A2 (20%)

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16
Q

What plant lectin is used to differentiate between subgroups A1 and A1?

A

Dolichos bifloris

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17
Q

Name some examples of weak group A phenotypes.

A

A3, Ax, Aend, Am, Ay, Ael, Aint, Abantu, Afinn

18
Q

What antibodies are associated with blood group A?

A

anti-B

19
Q

What antibodies are associated with blood group A?

A

anti-A

20
Q

What antibodies are associated with blood group O?

A

anti-A
anti-B
anti-AB

21
Q

What antibodies are associated with blood group AB?

A

none

22
Q

In babies, when do ABO antibodies start to develop?

A

3-6 months

23
Q

How do ABO antibodies develop?

A

Naturally occuring IgM due to the actions of E. coli in the gut. May also develop anti-IgG through pregnancy or tansfusion.

24
Q

Name two classes of ABO antibodies

A

IgM and IgG

25
Q

Describe anti-AB

A

Seperates antibodies (not a combination). Foudn in the serum of type O persons. May react more strongly that anti-A or anti-B with some A and B subgroups.

26
Q

Give examples of people who may lack ABO antibodies

A 
Newborns or very old
leukemia patients
hypogammaglobulinemia
Immunosuppressed
Bone Marrow transplant patients
27
Q

A serum grouping

A

A cells negative
B cells 4+
anti-B

28
Q

B serum grouping

A

A cells 4+
B cells negative
anti-A

29
Q

O serum grouping

A

A cells 4+
B cells 4+
anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB

30
Q

AB serum grouping

A

A cells negative
B cells negative
no antibodies formed

31
Q

Reasons for weak or missing antibodies

A 
Age or disase
hypgammaglobulinemia
immunosuppressed
bone marrow transplat
malignant lymphomas
Substances in places (ex. excess BGSS)
32
Q

Give examples of cold-reactive autoantibodies

A

Panagglutination
Strong autoanti-I
autoantibodies including anti-I and anti-H

33
Q

Give examples of cold-reactive antibodies

A

May be anti-A1 due to subgroup of A and B

alloantibodies including anti-M, and Lea, and antiP1

34
Q

Give examples of Rouleaux

A

Wharton’s Jelly
plasma expanders (Dextran)
Multiple Myeloma
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

35
Q

What are some MISC causes of inaccurate ABO testing?

A

Substances in plasma (BGSS)
Flase positive from Acriflavin dye (anti-B) and Wharton’s Jelly
Polyagglutination (T, TN, TK activation)
Aquired B antigens (colon/rectale cancer)
Rare antibody in antisera
Reagent red cell deterioration
Positive direct antiglobulin test
Transfusion of Non-ABO Identical Plasma Products

36
Q

Define seretor

A

An individual who is capable of secreting soluble, glycoprotein ABH-substances into saliva and other body fluids.

37
Q

Secretor gene
vs.
Nonsecretor gene

A

SeSe, Sese

sese

38
Q

What are the two blood groups involved in secretor status?

A

ABO and H

39
Q

Define lectin

A

Proteins present in plants, usually seeds, which bind specifically to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinate RBCs through their cell surface of oligosaccharide determinants.

40
Q

Name the H lectin

A

Ulex europaeus

41
Q

What percentage of the populator are secretors?

A

80%

Blood Bank Test 2 (5 decks)

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