Abnormal (Treatments of depression) Flashcards
Chemotherapy
Low levels of neurotransmitter have been linked with depression it seems logical to treat with drugs to counteract his change. Antidepressant are effective 10/14 days.
Depression is though to be due too…
Not enough neurotransmitter being produced at the end of a neurone so the synaptic vesicles don’t release across synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic membrane to induce another action potential to next neurone.
Antidepressants work by
Reducing the rate of reabsorption of the neurotransmitter or by blocking the enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter both increase the amount of neurotransmitter.
Tricylics
Have a 3C ring they block the re-uptake of noradrenaline. Leading to an increase in synaptic activity. But it is has been found have have toxic effects on the CV system.
SSRI’s
Work by blocking the reuptake of serotoin examples are Prozac
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Work by slowing the production of the enzyme which breaks down the neurotransmitter, which breaking down the neurotransmitter.
Kirsch et al
Reviewed SSRI and found it only helped in bad causes moderately depressed people showed some improvement with a placebo.
Geller et al
Conducted a double blind on anti-D and found it have a failed significant difference than the placebo.
Ryan
Suggests that it might be due to developmental issues in neurochemistry which drugs cannot solves. Ferguson also found that once on tablets they are 2x’s more likely to commit suicide.
Only treats symptoms
If it is caused but chemical imbalance then the drugs only treat the symptoms not the cause. But the use of drugs is cheap and involves much less patient dr time than therapy methods.
Cognitive psychologies
believe that mental processed should be studies too understand behaviour. CBT emphasises the role of maladaptive thought and believes in the origins and maintenance of depression.
Aim of CBT
Is to change these maladaptive thought by processes such as
thought catching - link thoughts and feeling and record.
Behavioural activation- Being active is an antidote
They are taught to challenge their associations by changing dysfunctional to constructive thoughts.
Butler
Reviewed CBT and found from a meta analysis that it is highly effective.
Holmes
Claims that the largest study on CBT shows that its still less effective than drugs the trailed used selective patients characterised them staying in. however the NIFMH still recommends CBT as the most effective.
Therapist competencies
The outcome depends on this it was found that 15% of outcomes depend on the therapist.
