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EPPP Psychology Prep > Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two ways to define the IQ range for Borderline Intellectual Functioning?

A
  1. The range that falls above 2 standard deviations below the mean IQ and falls below 1 standard deviation below the mean IQ.
  2. IQ scores between 71 and 84.
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1
Q

What are the three diagnostic categories that can be used on Axis II.

A

Personality Disorders, Mental Retardation, and Borderline Intellectual Functioning

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2
Q

What two criteria are needed for a diagnosis of Mental Retardation?

A
  1. IQ score below 70

2. Impaired adaptive functioning in two or more areas of living.

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3
Q

What instrument is most commonly mentioned as a measure of adaptive functioning for the diagnosis of Mental Retardation?

A

Vineland Social Maturity Scale

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4
Q

What are the comparable grade levels (for normal children) that represent the typical maximum levels of functioning for adults with mild and moderate mental retardation?

A

Mild: Sixth Grade
Moderate: Second Grade

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5
Q

In what job setting can an adult with moderate mental retardation be expected to successfully work, in a best case scenario?

A

A sheltered workshop, or under close supervision.

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6
Q

What two considerations need to be included in any assessment of vocational planning for individuals with mental retardation?

A

Prognosis and cognitive ceiling.

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7
Q

What percentage of cases of mental retardation is typically accounted for by heredity?

A

5%.

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8
Q

What is the cause of the largest proportion of cases of mental retardation, and what percentage of cases does it account for?

A

Exposure to toxins or damage during the prenatal period, in 50% to 70% of cases.

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9
Q

What are the ranges of IQ for mild, moderate, severe, and profound mental retardation?

A

Mild: 55-70; Moderate: 40-55; Severe: 25-40; Profound: Below 25
(Start at 70 and subtract one standard deviation for each category)

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10
Q

What are the major diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder?

A
  1. Impaired social interactions
  2. Impaired communications
  3. Restricted or repetitive movements, activities, interests
  4. Onset prior to age 3
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11
Q

What percentage of children with Autistic Disorder are not speaking by age 5?

A

50%.

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12
Q

What percentage of individuals accurately diagnosed with Autistic Disorder also meet the criteria for Mental Retardation?

A

70-75%.

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13
Q

Which of these diagnoses has the worst prognosis: Schizophrenia, Childhood Schizophrenia, Asperger’s, or Autistic Disorder?

A

Autistic Disorder (there is no Childhood Schizophrenia in DSM-IV).

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14
Q

What diagnosis is associated with mental retardation, deceleration of growth in head circumference, and hand movement disorders?

A

Rett’s Disorder.

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15
Q

Why are many more girls than boys diagnosed with Rett’s Disorder?

A

Boys with this disorder rarely survive to birth.

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16
Q

At what age does Rett’s Disorder first become apparent?

A

Between the fourth and fifth month of life.

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17
Q

What disorder results in a rapid loss of functional developmental progress starting at age 2?

A

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.

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18
Q

What type of commonly prescribed medications will often produce a false appearance of a hyperactive disorder?

A

Asthma medications.

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19
Q

What are the “three sixes” in the diagnosis of ADHD?

A

Six months’ duration of symptoms, six symptoms out of the list of hyperactive-impulsive and/or inattentive symptoms, and a six-years-old or earlier onset (“prior to age seven”).

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20
Q

What are the two main differences between autism and Asperger’s Disorder, in terms of major symptoms?

A
  1. Impaired communications: Asperger’s Disorder often produces mild or no impairment in communications.
  2. Cognitive Impairment: Asperger’s typically involves normal IQ.
    (Social impairment is, however, common in both.)
21
Q

What are the DSM-IV diagnoses for mental retardation, and corresponding ranges of IQ?

A

Borderline Intellectual Functioning IQ 71-84
317 Mild Mental Retardation IQ 50-55 to approx. 70
318.0 Moderate Retardation IQ 35-40 to 50-55
318.1 Severe Mental Retardation IQ 20-25 to 35-40
318.2 Profound Mental Retardation IQ below 20 or 25

22
Q

What is the gender ratio for diagnoses of ADHD?

A

4.5:1 to 5:1 boys over girls (4.5 to 5 boys for every girl)

23
Q

What are the most important stages of psychoanalytic psychotherapy?

A

Clarification, Confrontation, Interpretation, and Working through.

24
Q

What Axis II personality disorder is least disrupted by internal and external affect?

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder (No affect - Pulp Fiction)

25
Q

What treatment approach is most effective for Borderline Personality Disorder, and who developed it?

A

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Marsha Linehan

26
Q

What is the main mechanism by which Avoidant Personality Disorder influences behavior?

A

Fear of being humiliated by social contact.

27
Q

In sleep studies, what other features have been associated with frequently recalling dreams vs. not recalling dreams (what is the difference between dream recallers and non-recallers)?

A

No differences have been found.

28
Q

What disorder involves a temporary loss of personal identity without loss of other memories?

A

Psychogenic Fugue

29
Q

What disorder is associated with elevated scores on MMPI-2 scales 1 and 3, and a lower score on scale 2, and what is this pattern called?

A

Somatoform disorder, the “Conversion V”.

30
Q

What is the most likely co-occurring DSM-IV diagnosis when somatization disorder has been diagnosed, and how often does it occur?

A

Borderline Personality Disorder, 50% of the time.

31
Q

What distinguishes factitious disorder from somatization disorder?

A

Whether the symptoms are intentional or non-intentional.

32
Q

What is the key difference between PTSD with a close onset to the trauma, and PTSD with a delayed onset (i.e., for six months)?

A

The prognosis is worse with delayed onset.

33
Q

In the treatment of OCD, what medication class works best, why does it work, and how long does it take to produce the best result (i.e., blood level)?

A

SSRI’s (in combination with CBT), because of increased serotonin availability, takes 5 weeks.

34
Q

For obsessive compulsive disorder, are anti-anxiety medications or SSRI’s the preferred choice?

A

SSRI’s.

35
Q

How much time must someone spend dealing with OCD symptoms in order to establish the diagnosis?

A

At least one hour per day.

36
Q

What are the most important risk factors for completion of suicide?

A

Gender (male outnumbers female by 5:1)
Relationship status (unattached outnumbers married or in a LTR)
Age (risk increases with age, after an initial drop from ages 18-30)

37
Q

What is true of 100% of individuals with Bipolar I disorder?

What is true of 100% of individuals with Bipolar II disorder?

A

100% of bipolar I individuals have had a full manic episode.

100% of Bipolar II individuals have had a major depressive episode.

38
Q

How do the “depressive schemata” of Aaron Beck operate (i.e., where are they stored)?

A

They are stored in the body (somatically).

39
Q

In terms of gender ratios for Major Depressive Disorder, how do age and gender interact?

A

Until adolescence, males and females are equally represented, but after adolescence, females outnumber males by 2:1.

40
Q

What is the most striking difference between individuals diagnosed with Bipolar I disorder and those diagnosed with Bipolar II disorder?

A

Whether they have been able to maintain adequate functioning (i.e., the need for hospitalization or other restrictive measures).

41
Q

In rapid cycling mood disorder, how often does mood change from depressed to elevated?
In mixed mood disorder, how often does mood change?

A

Rapid cycling: Once a year.

Mixed: up to 4 cycles in one week.

42
Q

Two parents with diagnoses of schizophrenia have what chance of having a child diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

46%.

43
Q

Two parents, only one of whom has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, have what chance of having a child diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

13%.

44
Q

If one monozygotic (identical) twin has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, what is the chance that the other twin will be diagnosed with schizophrenia? (How much more likely is an identical twin to be diagnosed than an unrelated person?)

A

48% (48 times the base rate of 1%).

45
Q

If one of a pair of fraternal (dizygotic) twins is diagnosed with schizophrenia, what is the chance that the other twin will also be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

17%

46
Q

If one sibling is diagnosed with schizophrenia, what is the chance that another full (but non-twin) biological sibling will be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

10%

47
Q

What is one symptom whose presence can allow a differential diagnosis of amphetamine psychosis from a schizophrenic “first break”?

A

Dilated pupils.

48
Q

What is the most clinically important symptom associated with a GAF of 45?

A

Suicidal ideation.

49
Q

What can differentiate hallucinations from illusions with the greatest certainty?

A

The presence or absence of some kind of actual external stimulus (e.g., sound).

EPPP Psychology Prep (7 decks)

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