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Psychology GRE > Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental retardation - IQ

A

IQ 70 or below

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2
Q

Mild retardation - IQ

A

55-70

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3
Q

Moderate retardation - IQ

A

40-55

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4
Q

Severe retardation - IQ

A

25-40

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5
Q

Profound retardation - IQ

A

IQ < 25

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6
Q

Delirium

A

disturbed consciousness and cognition

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7
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

form of dementia; genetically inherited progressive degenerations of thought, emotion, and movement

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8
Q

Pick’s disease

A

form of dementia; disease of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain characterized by a change in personality

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9
Q

Who coined term schizophrenia

A

Eugene Bleuler

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10
Q

Eugene Bleuler

A

coined term schizophrenia

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11
Q

What was schizophrenia called before it got this name?

A

dementia praecox

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12
Q

What does schizophrenia mean?

A

split mind - mind is split from reality

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13
Q

Positive symptoms

A

behaviors, thoughts, or affects added to normal behavior

Delusions: false beliefs, discordant with reality, that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary

  • Delusions of reference: belief that others are talking about him/her
  • Delusions of prosecution: belief that a person is deliberately plotted against
  • Delusions of gradeur: belief that he/she is a remarkable person

Hallucinations: perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality

Disorganized thought: loosening of associations
- May invent new words: neologism

Disturbance of affect: blunting, flat affect, inappropriate affect

Catatonic motor behavior: both extremes – paralysis and useless and bizarre movements not caused by external stimuli

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14
Q

Delusions

A

Symptom of schizophrenia

Delusions: false beliefs, discordant with reality, that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary

a. Delusions of reference: belief that others are talking about him/her
b. Delusions of prosecution: belief that a person is deliberately plotted against
c. Delusions of gradeur: belief that he/she is a remarkable person

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15
Q

Hallucinations

A

perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality

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16
Q

Disorganized thought

A

loosening of associations

May invent new words: neologism

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17
Q

Disturbance of affect

A

blunting, flat affect, inappropriate affect

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18
Q

Catatonic motor behavior

A

both extremes – paralysis and useless and bizarre movements not caused by external stimuli

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19
Q

Negative symptoms

A

those symptoms that involve the absence of normal or desired behavior

Flat affect, where the individual’s emotional expression is blunted

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20
Q

prodromal phase

A

Before schizophrenia diagnosed, a patient often goes through a phase characterized by poor adjustment (distinct from active phase)

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21
Q

process schizophrenia

A

onset of symptoms slow

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22
Q

reactive schizophrenia

A

onset of symptoms sudden

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23
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

disturbance in motor behavior

i. Catalepsy: motor immobility
ii. Echolalia: parroting
iii. Echopraxia: imitating the gestures of others

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24
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent hallucinations

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25
Q

Disorganized schizophrenia

A

flat or inappropriate affect and disorganized speech and behavior (also called hebephrenic schizophrenia)

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26
Q

hebephrenic schizophrenia

A

Another name for disorganized schizophrenia

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27
Q

Shared psychotic disorder

A

also known as a folie a deux; when two people have shared delusions

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28
Q

folie a deux

A

another name for shared psychotic disorder

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29
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

schizophrenia: either excess of dopamine or hyper-sensitivity to dopamine

30
Q

Double-bind hypothesis

A

as a child, the person with schizophrenia received contradictory and mutually incompatible messages from his or her primary care-giver; child begins to see his/her perceptions of reality as unreliable.

31
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

2-week episode

32
Q

Dysthymic Disorder

A

symptoms of major depressive disorder for 2+ years without major episode

33
Q

Bipolar

A

i. Bipolar I: manic episodes

ii. Bipolar II: hypomania – doesn’t disrupt life

34
Q

Bipolar I

A

manic episodes

35
Q

Bipolar II

A

hypomania

36
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

doesn’t quite reach level necessary to diagnose as bipolar, but same basic symptoms

37
Q

Catecholamine theory of depression:

A

neurotransmitters that have been implicated in mood disorders include norepinephrine and serotonin; these two are often linked in to what is called the monoamine theory or depression or catecholamine theory of depression. The theory holds that too much norepinephrine and serotonin lead to mania, while too little leads to depression

38
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Aunt Dolly

39
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

not due to a neurological disorder

40
Q

Dissociate fugue

A

move away; forget who you are

41
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a person’s behavior

42
Q

Depersonalization disorder

A

person feels detached, like an outside observer of his or her mental processes and/or behavior. However, even during these times, the person still has an intact sense of reality

43
Q

Dyssomnia

A

sleep abnormalities

44
Q

Parasomnias

A

abnormal behaviors during sleep

45
Q

Hypersomnia

A

excessive sleepliness

46
Q

Narcolepsy

A

falling asleep uncontrollably throughout the day

47
Q

Kleptomania

A

stealing

48
Q

Pyromania

A

fire

49
Q

Trichtillomania

A

pull out own body hair

50
Q

Schizoid

A

personality disorder; pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

51
Q

Schizotypal

A

personality disorder; Eccentricity, distorted reality

52
Q

Histrionic

A

personality disorder; excessive emotion

53
Q

Anti-social

A

personality disorder; psychopathic

54
Q

Avoidant

A

personality disorder; social inhibitions, hypersensitivity, perceptions of inadequacy

55
Q

Conversion disorder

A

somatoform disorder; unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions (used to be referred to as hysteria)

56
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

not caused by physical ailment, although patient experiences physical ailment

57
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

creating physical complains through fabrication or self-inflection (ingesting toxins, for example, in order to assume the sick role)

58
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

predisposition activated by stress

59
Q

David Rosenham

A

admitted to psychiatric hospitals – physically well but diagnosed

60
Q

Thomas Szasz

A

critic of labeling anyone mentally ill; simply traits that deviate from social norms

61
Q

Antipsychotics

A 
first drugs used in psychopharmacology; used to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations, by blocking dopamine receptors and inhibiting dopamine production
o	Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 
o	Haloperidol (Haldol)
62
Q

Antimanics

A

drugs to manage bipolar disorder; inhibit monoamines such as norephinephrine and serotonin based on the theory that mania results from excessive monoamines
o Lithium

63
Q

Antidepressants

A

used to reduce depressive symptoms by taking the opposite action of antimanics. The theory is that abnormally low levels of monoamines cause depression
o Tricyclics
o Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
o Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): act only on serotonin; fewer side effects
• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Paroxetine (Paxil)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)

64
Q

Antxiolytics

A 
Used to reduce anxiety or induce sleep, usually by increasing the effectiveness of GABA
o	Diazepam (Valium) 
o	Alprazolam (Xanax)
65
Q

Antabuse

A

counter-condition alcholics

66
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

can result from long-term use of neuroleptics or psychotropics; this disorder is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the tongue, jaw, or extremities

67
Q

Cretinism

A

form of mental retardation that is caused by iodine deficiency

68
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

caused by vitamin B deficiency; loss of memory and orientation; sufferers make up events to fill in the gaps (confabulations)

69
Q

Wernicke’s syndrome

A

caused by thiamine deficiency, characterized by memory problems and eye dysfunctions

70
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

recessive, genetic deficiency; sufferers may have symptoms that resemble psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia or dementia

71
Q

Fromm and Reichman

A

coined the term schizophrenogenic mother – which refers to a type of mother who supposedly causes children to become schizophrenic

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