Abnormal Curvature

Question 1

What are the curve classifications for military neck?

Answer 1

kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

Question 2

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

Answer 2

kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

Question 3

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

Answer 3

lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

Question 4

What is the more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis?

Answer 4

an abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial rotation

Question 5

What is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?

Answer 5

the Risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis

Question 6

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the Scoliosis Research Society?

Answer 6

magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non-structural scoliosis

Question 7

What does magnitude of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 7

the length and angle of the curve deviation on x-ray

Question 8

What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

Answer 8

the Cobb Method

Question 9

What does location of scoliosis infer?

Answer 9

the location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

Question 10

What does direction of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 10

the side of the convexity of the curve will bend toward

Question 11

What does etiology of scoliosis mean?

Answer 11

the cause of the scoliosis

Question 12

What is structural scoliosis?

Answer 12

a more radical form of scoliosis, it may worsen, associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc, frequently has a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 13

What is nonstructural scoliosis?

Answer 13

a mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, not associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc and lacks a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 14

What are some of the classifications of scoliosis based on etiology?

Answer 14

congenital, neuromuscular, neurofibromatosis, nerve root irritation, idiopathic

Question 15

What is the classification of scoliosis that is unique to the individual patient?

Answer 15

idiopathic scoliosis

Question 16

What does idiopathic scoliosis infer?

Answer 16

the scoliosis is unique to the individual, it has no known cause, unknown etiology

Question 17

What is the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in the population?

Answer 17

1% to 4% of the population

Question 18

What is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 18

from birth to 3 years old

Question 19

what is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 19

from 3 years old to 10 years old

Question 20

What is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 20

over 10 years old

Question 21

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 21

left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

Question 22

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 22

right thoracic, females over 6 years old, and 12% - 21% incidence

Question 23

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 23

right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, and 80% incidence

Question 24

What is the genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 24

an autosomal dominant factor that runs in families

Question 25

What is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?

Answer 25

the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen