ABG- arterial blood gas Flashcards
what does the enzyme carbonic anhydrase do
it allows carbon dioxide and water to react chemically within our body fluids to produce carbonic acid.
what is carbonic acid
a weak acid which can then dissociate into carbon dioxide and water
what is acidosis
increased carbon dioxide in the blood
what is alkalosis
decreased carbon dioxide in the blood which leads to decreased hydrogen and increased PH alkalosis
what does increased hydrogen in the blood cause
more carbon dioxide produced which causes increased respiratory rate/ depth
what is the carbon acid-bicarbonate buffer system equation
CO2 + H20 <—> H2CO3 <—> H+ + HC03-
how to know if it is respiratory or metabolic
- metabolic alkalosis if base excess > 2 mmol/L
- metabolic acidosis if base excess < -2 mmol/L
what is normal PH
7.35-7.45
why are kidneys important?
- filtration
- metabolism
why do you take blood gases?
- hyperventilation
- diabetics (ketoacidosis)
- sepsis
- CNS depression (COPD- increased c02)
- heart failure
- ingestion of toxins
- renal impairment
- burns
- long term but catastrophic conditions
what does increased hydrogen cause
lower PH so we become more ions acidic
what does decreased hydrigen ions cause
higher PH so we become alkalotic
if someones PH levels are fine, what do you assess to see if the cause is respiratory or metabolic?
their signs and symptoms
- vomiting, overdose- metabolic
- shortness of breath, heart failure, asthma- respiratory
how to know if it is compensated or uncompensated?
- if their PH is back to normal range then it is compensated as the body is doing what it is supposed to do
- if the PH is out of normal range then it is uncompensated
reversible causes of cardiac arrest 5 H’s and 5 T’s
H- hypoxia (low oxygen)
H- hypovolemia (shock)
H- high hydrogen ions (acidosis)
H- hypothermia
H- Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia (metabolic)
T- tension pneumothorax
T- cardiac tampernard
T- toxins (overdoses, alcohol)
T- pulmonary thrombosis
T- coronary thrombosis
