Abdominal wall and intestines

Question 1

What are flat muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 1

(left and right)- External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse abdominis

Question 2

What are the main roles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 2

1. Respiration
2. Urination/defecation/ child birth
3. Lifting heavy objects

Question 3

What are the vertical muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 3

(left and right)- Rectus abdominis

Pyrimidalis

Question 4

What is the Linea alba made of?

Answer 4

Aponeuroses of all the flat muscles intertwined

Question 5

What is the abdominal aorta and what are its main branches?

Answer 5

Abdominal aorta arises from the thoracic aorta at the level of T12
Main branches:
T12-coeliac trunk
L1-superior mesenteric artery
L3-inferior mesenteric artery

Question 6

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 6

Oesophagus
stomach
part of the duodenum

Question 7

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply ?

Answer 7

Part of the duodenum
jejunum
ileum
caecum
ascending colon
part of transverse colon

Question 8

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 8

Part of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

Question 9

What are differences between the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 9

1. Jejenum appears pinker- lining often more tightly folded (plicae circulares)
2. Distal ileum- peyers patches (lymphoid tissue)

Question 10

Where does the large intestine begin?

Answer 10

At the caecum- in the right iliac fossa

Question 11

What part of the large intestine is in the greater omentum?

Answer 11

Transverse colon

Question 12

What external features distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine?

Answer 12

1. Epiploic appendages
2. Taenia coli (3 longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle)
3. Haustra (visible when the taenia coli contract)

Question 13

Whats the difference between visceral and parietal peritoneum?

Answer 13

Visceral peritoneum- covers the external surfaces of most abdominal surfaces, including the intestinal tract
Parietal peritoneum- lines the abdominal and and pelvic cavities

Question 14

What is mesentry?

Answer 14

peritoneal extensions from the intestine, abdominal and pelvic organs
(double layer of parietal peritoneum)

Question 15

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 15

It arises from the lesser curvature of the stomach and extends to the liver

Question 16

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 16

It arises off the greater curvature of the stomach and forms a large sheet that lies over the intestines, converging into parietal peritoneum