Abdominal Wall Flashcards
The abdomen lies between which superior and inferior boundaries?
what are its other boundaries?
between pelvis and thorax
- abdominal wall
- vertebrae
- pelvic inlet
- diaphragm (separates it from the thoracic cavity)
What are the 4 major functions of the abdominal wall?
- movement of the torso
- stabilization
- physcal barrier
- intra-abdominal pressure
Identify the inidcated bony landmarks
Identify the indicated abdominal quadrants and regions
What happens to the volume and pressure of the throacic cavity and abdominal cavity when the diaphragm contracts?
when the diaphragm is expanded?
- Contracted diaphragm
- thoracic cavity
- volume increases
- pressure decreases
- abdominal cavity
- volume decreases
- pressure increases
- thoracic cavity
- Expanded diaphragm
- thoracic cavity
- volume decreases
- pressure increases
- abdominal cavity
- volume increases
- pressure decreases
- thoracic cavity
What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity?
What are the two components?
Potential space?
peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum: lines inernal surfaces abdominal wall
Visceral peritoneum: lines surfaces of organs
peritoneal cavity: potential space between them
What are the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
- Skin
- Superficial Fascia
- camper’s
- scarpa’s
- Deep fascia
- Muscles + aponeuroses
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat (fascia)
- parietal peritoneum
*potential space between deep and superficial fascia
What is the landmark denoting the superficial fascial of the anterolateral wall splitting into two layers?
inferior ot the umbilical
scarpa’s is continuous with fascia lata of the thigh
Identify the name change of the scarpa’s fascia as indicated on the male anatomy.
Identify the indicated features of the anterolateral abdominal wall
What muscle is shown in the provided photo?
origin?
insertion?
Action?
External Oblique
- Origin
- lower ribs
- Insertion
- Iliac crest (anterior)
- pubic tubercle
- Linea alba
- Action
- Bilateral:
- spinal flexion
- Unilateral:
- ipsilateral side flexion
- contralateral rotation of the spine
- Bilateral:
- Fibers are inferomedial
What muscle is shown in the provided photo?
origin?
insertion?
Action?
Internal Oblique
- Origin
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Iliac crest (anterior)
- Inguinal ligament (lateral)
- Insertion
- linea alba
- inferior border of ribs 10-12
- Pecten publis
- Action
- Bilateral spinal flexion
- Unilateral
- ipsilateral side flexion
- Ipsilateral rotation of the spine
Which insertion point of internal and external oblique muscles is prone to strain? What problems can this cause? Symptoms?
pubis insertion
“sports hernia” = athletic pubalgia
groin pain above the inguinal ligament
What muscle is shown in the provided photo?
origin?
insertion?
Function?
Transverse Abdominis
- Origin
- costal cartilage ribs 7-12 (internal)
- thoracolumbar fascia
- inguinal ligament (lateral)
- iliac crest
- Insertion
- linea alba
- pubic bone
- Function
- natural corset
- stabilize spine
- Very horizonal fibers
What abdominal muscle is shown in the provided photo?
origin?
insertion?
Function?
Rectus Abdominis
- Origin
- pubic bone
- Insertin
- Xiphoid process
- Costal cartilage ribs 5-7
- Function
- flexes the spine
- posteriorly tilts the pelvis
- stabilization
- Has horizonal lines of “tendinous insertions”
What is the name for abnormal separation of the rectus muscles along the linea alba?
In what conditions can this happen?
Diastasis Recti
During pregnancy and in newborns
ususally resolves itself
The rectus abdominis is enclosed by what strucutre? This structure forms what midline component?
What is the name of the inferior edge of the posterior aspect of this structure? Landmarks to find this?
What is the name of where the aponeuroses of the lateral muscles converge into this structure?
Rectus sheath
forms linea alba
arcuate line (halfway between pubis and umbilicus)
Semilunar line
Above the arcuate line, what makes up the anterior aspect of the rectus sheath? posterior aspect?
Below the arcuate line?
- Above
- Anterior
- External oblique
- 1/2 internal oblique
- Posterior
- 1/2 Internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
- Anterior
- Below
- Anterior
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
- Posterior — ENDS – N/A
- transversalis fascia
- Anterior
What is it called when viscera such as a small intestine protrude through a weakness or gap in the abdominal wall?
How can this happen?
Identify the type as indicated by location.
Abdominal (ventral) hernia
trauma, heaby lifting, chronic cough, obesity
Identify the indicated arterial branches that supply the abdominal wall
Whch artery descends on the posterior surface of the rectus abdominus?
it eventually anastamoses with which artery?
This indirectly unites which two arterial systems?
Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
subclavian and external iliac
Which artery terminates by piercing the rectus abdominus?
Superficial epigastric
What can happen to epigastric arteries in individuals with severe arterial or aortic sclerosis?
enlargement to provide blood supply to lower limbs
What is the name of the deep venous system running on either side of the vertebral column?
Where does the superior epigastric drain?
Where does the inferior epigastric drain?
What is the name of the vein connecting the axillary and the femoral veins?
- Azygous
- superior epigastric
- Internal thoracic
- inferior iliac
- External Iliac
- Connecting femoral and axillary veins
- thoracoepigastric
