Abdominal viscera Flashcards
Urinary bladder
lies on the floor of the pelvic inlet (contracted) or on the floor of the abdomen (distended) and displaces all freely moveable viscera
Uterus
consists of a short cervix, body, two long horns; gravid uterus lies on the floor of the abdomen, in late pregnancy uterus enlarges and middle part of horns move cranially and ventrally
Spleen
lies in the superficial leaf of the greater omentum to the left of the median plane along the greater curvature of the stomach; position, shape and degree of distension are variable; part of the greater omentum that attaches the spleen to the stomach is the gastrosplenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
part of the greater omentum that attaches the spleen to the stomach
Diaphragm
muscular partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, muscle of inspiration; extensive muscular periphery and small, V-shaped tendinous center
Tendinous center of the diaphragm
on apex of diaphragm, cranial aspect, runs dorsally between the lumbar and costal parts of the diaphragm; caval foramen located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm
Lumbar part of the diaphragm
forms the left and right crura that attach to the bodies of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae by large tendons
Sternal part of the diaphragm
narrow, arises from the dorsal surface of the sternum cranial to the xiphoid cartilage
Costal part of the diaphragm
arises from the medial surfaces of the eight to thirteenth ribs; interdigitates with the transversus abdominus muscle
Cupula
most cranial extent of the dome-shaped diaphragm that bulges into the thorax
Aortic hiatus
dorsal passageway between the crura for the aorta, the azygos vein, and the thoracic duct
Esophageal hiatus
more centrally located; in the muscular part of the right crus, transmits the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels
Caval foramen
located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm; caudal vena cava passes through it
Liver
6 lobes, its parietal surface conforms to the abdominal surface of the diaphragm; visceral surface is related on the left to the stomach and the spleen, on the right to the pancreas, right kidney, and the duodenum, ventrally to the greater omentum and through this the small intestine; most caudal part covers the cranial extremity of the right kidney; moves slightly with each respiration
6 lobes of the liver
R&L lateral, R&L medial, Quadrate (between right and left medial), Caudate (2 processes- caudate and papillary)
What lobe(s) of the liver has a fossa that contains the gall bladder?
Right medial lobe and quadrate lobe
Which area of the liver contains the renal impression? Be specific!
the caudate process of the caudate lobe
Name the processes of the caudate lobe of the liver
Caudate process, Papillary process
Hepatic duct
interlobular ducts off the liver unit to form hepatic ducts; emerge from each lobe
Gallbladder
located in the fossa between the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver; neck of the gallbladder is continued as the cystic duct
Name the duct coming off of the gallbladder.
cystic duct
Name the duct formed by the joining of the ducts from the liver and gallbladder. Where does it terminate?
Bile duct; Major duodenal papilla in the duodenum
Stomach
divided into parts that blend together
cardiac part, fundus, body, pyloric part (antrum and canal), pylorus, greater curvature and lesser curvature
Cardiac part of the stomach
smallest part; situated nearest the esophagus
Fundus of the stomach
dome shaped, lies to the left of and dorsal to the cardia
Body of the stomach
large middle portion; extends from the fundus on the left to the pyloric part on the right
Pyloric part
distal third of the stomach as measured along the lesser curvature; consists of pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter
Name the area where the body of the stomach joins the pyloric part.
Angular notch (incisure), sharp bend of the lesser curvature
Pyloric antrum
thin-walled portion of the pyloric part (the actual space inside)
Pyloric canal
narrow portion before the pyloric sphincter
Pylorus
joining of the pyloric part and the duodenum at the pyloric sphincter
Greater curvature
bend facing mainly to the left; more caudal
Lesser curvature
bend facing mainly to the right
Duodenum
suspended by the mesoduodenum; begins at the pylorus to the right of the median plane; parts- cranial flexure, descending part, caudal flexure, ascending part, duodenojejunal flexure
List the parts of the duodenum you travel through, starting as you enter the duodenum through the pyloric sphincter and ending at the jejunum
Pyloric sphincter -> duodenum -> cranial flexure -> descending part -> caudal flexure -> ascending part -> duodenojejunal flexure -> jejunum
Jejunum
forms the coils of the SI which occupy the ventrocaudal part of the abdominal cavity; receive nutrition from the cranial mesenteric artery; root of the mesentery attaches it and the ileum to the dorsal body wall; largest portion of the SI
Mesenteric lymph nodes
lies along the vessels in the mesentery
Ileum
terminal portion of the SI; short, passes cranially on the right side of the root of the mesentery and joins the ascending colon at the ileocolic orifice
Ileocolic orifice
joining of the ileum and the ascending colon
Cecum
part of the large intestine; S-shaped, blind tube located to the right of the median plane at the junction of the ileum and the colon
Cecocolic orifice
communication of the cecum and the ascending colon
Follow the path as you enter the ileocolic orifice, to where it terminates in the rectum
Ileocolic orifice-> ascending colon -> right flexure -> transverse colon -> left flexure -> descending colon -> rectum
Colon
located dorsally in the abdomen, suspended by the mesocolon
Name of the colon after it has passed through the pelvic inlet
Rectum
Pancreas
lobulated; composed of a body and 2 lobes
Body of the pancreas
lies at the pylorus
Right lobe of the pancreas
enclosed by the mesoduodenum, lies dorsomedial to the descending part of the duodenum; ventral to the right kidney; ducts from this lobe enter the major and minor duodenal papilla in the duodenum
Left lobe of the pancreas
lies between the peritoneal layers that form the deep leaf of the greater omentum; caudal to the stomach and liver and cranial to the transverse colon
Major duodenal papilla
inside the duodenum; the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty terminate here
Accessory pancreatic duct
larger ducts; comes from the right lobe of the pancreas to the duodenum, terminates in the minor duodenal papilla
Minor duodenal papilla
caudal to the major papilla; accessory pancreatic duct terminates here
Adrenal glands (L&R)
located at the cranial aspect of each kidney; crossed ventrally by the common trunk of the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal veins
Kidneys
dark brown, only covered by peritoneum on their ventral surface; considered retroperitoneal organs; bean shaped
Hilus of the kidney
where the renal vessels and nerves and the ureter communicate with the organ
Renal sinus
fat-filled space that contains the renal vessels and surrounds the renal pelvis
Renal pelvis
expanded part of the ureter within the kidney
Ureter
courses from the kidney to the neck of the urinary bladder
Renal cortex
primarily contains the renal corpuscles and convoluted portions of the tubules
Renal medulla
centrally positioned parenchyma in the kidney
Arcuate branches of the renal vessels
vessels that are apparent at the corticomedullary junctions
Renal crest
longitudinal ridge projecting into the renal pelvis; collecting tubules of the kidney excrete urine into the renal pelvis
Renal pyramids
shape of the medulla
Pelvic recesses
project outward between the renal pyramids
Interlobar arteries
arteries between the renal pyramids