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Anatomy- Abdominal muscles, nerves, viscera and vessels > Abdominal viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary bladder

A

lies on the floor of the pelvic inlet (contracted) or on the floor of the abdomen (distended) and displaces all freely moveable viscera

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2
Q

Uterus

A

consists of a short cervix, body, two long horns; gravid uterus lies on the floor of the abdomen, in late pregnancy uterus enlarges and middle part of horns move cranially and ventrally

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3
Q

Spleen

A

lies in the superficial leaf of the greater omentum to the left of the median plane along the greater curvature of the stomach; position, shape and degree of distension are variable; part of the greater omentum that attaches the spleen to the stomach is the gastrosplenic ligament

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4
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament

A

part of the greater omentum that attaches the spleen to the stomach

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5
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscular partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, muscle of inspiration; extensive muscular periphery and small, V-shaped tendinous center

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6
Q

Tendinous center of the diaphragm

A

on apex of diaphragm, cranial aspect, runs dorsally between the lumbar and costal parts of the diaphragm; caval foramen located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm

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7
Q

Lumbar part of the diaphragm

A

forms the left and right crura that attach to the bodies of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae by large tendons

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8
Q

Sternal part of the diaphragm

A

narrow, arises from the dorsal surface of the sternum cranial to the xiphoid cartilage

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9
Q

Costal part of the diaphragm

A

arises from the medial surfaces of the eight to thirteenth ribs; interdigitates with the transversus abdominus muscle

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10
Q

Cupula

A

most cranial extent of the dome-shaped diaphragm that bulges into the thorax

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11
Q

Aortic hiatus

A

dorsal passageway between the crura for the aorta, the azygos vein, and the thoracic duct

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12
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

more centrally located; in the muscular part of the right crus, transmits the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels

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13
Q

Caval foramen

A

located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm; caudal vena cava passes through it

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14
Q

Liver

A

6 lobes, its parietal surface conforms to the abdominal surface of the diaphragm; visceral surface is related on the left to the stomach and the spleen, on the right to the pancreas, right kidney, and the duodenum, ventrally to the greater omentum and through this the small intestine; most caudal part covers the cranial extremity of the right kidney; moves slightly with each respiration

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15
Q

6 lobes of the liver

A

R&L lateral, R&L medial, Quadrate (between right and left medial), Caudate (2 processes- caudate and papillary)

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16
Q

What lobe(s) of the liver has a fossa that contains the gall bladder?

A

Right medial lobe and quadrate lobe

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17
Q

Which area of the liver contains the renal impression? Be specific!

A

the caudate process of the caudate lobe

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18
Q

Name the processes of the caudate lobe of the liver

A

Caudate process, Papillary process

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19
Q

Hepatic duct

A

interlobular ducts off the liver unit to form hepatic ducts; emerge from each lobe

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20
Q

Gallbladder

A

located in the fossa between the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver; neck of the gallbladder is continued as the cystic duct

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21
Q

Name the duct coming off of the gallbladder.

A

cystic duct

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22
Q

Name the duct formed by the joining of the ducts from the liver and gallbladder. Where does it terminate?

A

Bile duct; Major duodenal papilla in the duodenum

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23
Q

Stomach

A

divided into parts that blend together

cardiac part, fundus, body, pyloric part (antrum and canal), pylorus, greater curvature and lesser curvature

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24
Q

Cardiac part of the stomach

A

smallest part; situated nearest the esophagus

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25
Q

Fundus of the stomach

A

dome shaped, lies to the left of and dorsal to the cardia

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26
Q

Body of the stomach

A

large middle portion; extends from the fundus on the left to the pyloric part on the right

27
Q

Pyloric part

A

distal third of the stomach as measured along the lesser curvature; consists of pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter

28
Q

Name the area where the body of the stomach joins the pyloric part.

A

Angular notch (incisure), sharp bend of the lesser curvature

29
Q

Pyloric antrum

A

thin-walled portion of the pyloric part (the actual space inside)

30
Q

Pyloric canal

A

narrow portion before the pyloric sphincter

31
Q

Pylorus

A

joining of the pyloric part and the duodenum at the pyloric sphincter

32
Q

Greater curvature

A

bend facing mainly to the left; more caudal

33
Q

Lesser curvature

A

bend facing mainly to the right

34
Q

Duodenum

A

suspended by the mesoduodenum; begins at the pylorus to the right of the median plane; parts- cranial flexure, descending part, caudal flexure, ascending part, duodenojejunal flexure

35
Q

List the parts of the duodenum you travel through, starting as you enter the duodenum through the pyloric sphincter and ending at the jejunum

A

Pyloric sphincter -> duodenum -> cranial flexure -> descending part -> caudal flexure -> ascending part -> duodenojejunal flexure -> jejunum

36
Q

Jejunum

A

forms the coils of the SI which occupy the ventrocaudal part of the abdominal cavity; receive nutrition from the cranial mesenteric artery; root of the mesentery attaches it and the ileum to the dorsal body wall; largest portion of the SI

37
Q

Mesenteric lymph nodes

A

lies along the vessels in the mesentery

38
Q

Ileum

A

terminal portion of the SI; short, passes cranially on the right side of the root of the mesentery and joins the ascending colon at the ileocolic orifice

39
Q

Ileocolic orifice

A

joining of the ileum and the ascending colon

40
Q

Cecum

A

part of the large intestine; S-shaped, blind tube located to the right of the median plane at the junction of the ileum and the colon

41
Q

Cecocolic orifice

A

communication of the cecum and the ascending colon

42
Q

Follow the path as you enter the ileocolic orifice, to where it terminates in the rectum

A

Ileocolic orifice-> ascending colon -> right flexure -> transverse colon -> left flexure -> descending colon -> rectum

43
Q

Colon

A

located dorsally in the abdomen, suspended by the mesocolon

44
Q

Name of the colon after it has passed through the pelvic inlet

A

Rectum

45
Q

Pancreas

A

lobulated; composed of a body and 2 lobes

46
Q

Body of the pancreas

A

lies at the pylorus

47
Q

Right lobe of the pancreas

A

enclosed by the mesoduodenum, lies dorsomedial to the descending part of the duodenum; ventral to the right kidney; ducts from this lobe enter the major and minor duodenal papilla in the duodenum

48
Q

Left lobe of the pancreas

A

lies between the peritoneal layers that form the deep leaf of the greater omentum; caudal to the stomach and liver and cranial to the transverse colon

49
Q

Major duodenal papilla

A

inside the duodenum; the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty terminate here

50
Q

Accessory pancreatic duct

A

larger ducts; comes from the right lobe of the pancreas to the duodenum, terminates in the minor duodenal papilla

51
Q

Minor duodenal papilla

A

caudal to the major papilla; accessory pancreatic duct terminates here

52
Q

Adrenal glands (L&R)

A

located at the cranial aspect of each kidney; crossed ventrally by the common trunk of the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal veins

53
Q

Kidneys

A

dark brown, only covered by peritoneum on their ventral surface; considered retroperitoneal organs; bean shaped

54
Q

Hilus of the kidney

A

where the renal vessels and nerves and the ureter communicate with the organ

55
Q

Renal sinus

A

fat-filled space that contains the renal vessels and surrounds the renal pelvis

56
Q

Renal pelvis

A

expanded part of the ureter within the kidney

57
Q

Ureter

A

courses from the kidney to the neck of the urinary bladder

58
Q

Renal cortex

A

primarily contains the renal corpuscles and convoluted portions of the tubules

59
Q

Renal medulla

A

centrally positioned parenchyma in the kidney

60
Q

Arcuate branches of the renal vessels

A

vessels that are apparent at the corticomedullary junctions

61
Q

Renal crest

A

longitudinal ridge projecting into the renal pelvis; collecting tubules of the kidney excrete urine into the renal pelvis

62
Q

Renal pyramids

A

shape of the medulla

63
Q

Pelvic recesses

A

project outward between the renal pyramids

64
Q

Interlobar arteries

A

arteries between the renal pyramids

Anatomy- Abdominal muscles, nerves, viscera and vessels (6 decks)

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