Abdominal pt 2 Flashcards
signs and symptoms of aortic dissection
abdominal pain, middle back pain, dizziness, fainting, chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath
signs and symptoms of hepatitis A
fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increase in liver enzymes (ALT>AST), jaundice
signs and symptoms of hepatitis B
fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, arthralgias, increase in ALT, jaundice
signs and symptoms of hepatitis C
fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, increase in ALT, jaundice
complications of liver disease
hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and esophageal varices
hepatic encephalopathy
continuum of neurologic and psychiatric abnormalities due to brain dysfunction from liver insufficiency or portosystemic shunt
what medications treat overt hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose and rifaximin
causes of upper GI bleed
peptic ulcer, varices, cancer, NSAIDs, anticoagulants, SSRIs
signs and symptoms of upper GI bleed
melena and/or coffee ground emesis, dizziness, pallor, decreased hemoglobin
treatment for upper GI bleed
discontinue offending agent, fluid replacement, hemostasis via endoscopy, or PPI drip
causes of lower GI bleed
diverticular bleeding, hemorrhoids or anal fissure, Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis, NSAIDs, anticoagulants, SSRIs
signs and symptoms of lower GI bleed
hematochezia, decreased hemoglobin, dizziness, pallor
treatment of lower GI bleed
fluid replacement, colonoscopy or surgery
signs and symptoms of obstruction
crampy abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, decreased appetite
risk factors for obstruction
past surgeries, colon cancer, impacted feces, hernias, inflammatory bowel disease