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GIGU Exam 1 > Abdominal Neurology > Flashcards

Abdominal Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves of the Anterior Abdominal Wall:

A
  • Thoracoabdominal N
  • Subcostal N
  • Iliohypogastric N
  • Ilioinguinal N
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2
Q

Anterior Abdominal Wall Nerves travel between the __ ___ and ___ ___ muscles

A
  • Internal Oblique
  • Transversus Abdominis
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3
Q

Thoracoabdominal Nerve

A
  • Continuations of the intercostal nerves from T7 to T11
  • Provide motor and sensory innervation to the majority of the anterior abdomen
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4
Q

Subcostal Nerve

A
  • Continuation of the T12 nerve
  • Runs along the inferior border of the 12th rib
  • Provides sensory innervation to the area superior to the iliac crest
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5
Q

Iliohypogastric Nerve

A
  • One of the branches from L1; the first branch off the lumbar plexus
  • Passes under the psoas major, across the quadratus lumborum
  • Provides innervation to the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
  • Provides sensory innervation to the posterolateral gluteal skin and suprapubic skin (hypogastric region)
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6
Q

Ilioinguinal Nerve

A
  • Second branch from L1; the second branch off the lumbar plexus
  • Enters the inguinal canal
  • Provides innervation to the medial thigh and associated genital area (male’s root of the penis and anterior scrotum, female’s mons pubis and labia majora)
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7
Q

What nerve innervates the female’s mons pubis and labia majora?

A

Ilioinguinal Nerve

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8
Q

Nerves of the Lumbar Plexus:

A
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal
  • Genitofemoral
  • Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
  • Femoral
  • Obturator
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9
Q

Nerves that Pass Through the Inguinal Canal:

A
  • Ilioinguinal N
  • Genital Branch of the Genitofemoral N
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10
Q

Structures that Pass Through the Inguinal Canal: Males

A
  • Spermatic Cord
  • Ilioinguinal N
  • Genital Branch of the Genitofemoral N
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11
Q

Structures that Pass Through the Inguinal Canal: Females

A
  • Round Ligament of the Uterus
  • Ilioinguinal N
  • Genital Branch of the Genitofemoral N
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12
Q

Genital Branch of the Genitofemoral Nerve

A
  • Provides innervation to the anterior labia majora, anterior scrotum, and adjacent thigh
  • Provides motor innervation to the Cremaster Muscle
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13
Q

Genitofemoral Nerve pierces the:

A

Psoas Major Muscle

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14
Q

Femoral Branch of the Genitofemoral Nerve

A
  • Travels under the inguinal ligament to enter the thigh
  • Provides innervation to subcutaneous areas of anterior thigh
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15
Q

Nerve Roots of Genitorfemoral Nerve:

A

L1 and L2

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16
Q

Nerve Roots of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh:

A

L2 and L3

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17
Q

Nerve Roots of Femoral Nerve:

A

L2, L3 and L4

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18
Q

Nerve Roots of Obturator Nerve:

A

L2, L3, and L4

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19
Q

Nerves that Innervate the Posterior Abdominal Wall:

A
  • Subcostal N
  • Lumbar Plexus (Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Lateral Cutaneous N of the Thigh, Femoral, Obturator)
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20
Q

Lumbar Plexus is created by contributions from ___ and ___-___

A
  • T12
  • L1-L4
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21
Q

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

A
  • Associated with the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament
  • Provides sensory innervation to the anterior and lateral thigh
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22
Q

Femoral Nerve

A
  • Travels outside the abdominopelvic cavity (under the inguinal ligament)
  • Provides innervation to the muscles and skin of the anterior thigh and medial leg
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23
Q

Obturator Nerve

A
  • Travels with the psoas major on its medial aspect, emerging near the common iliac artery
  • Enters medial thigh through the Obturator Canal
  • Provides motor and sensory innervation to the muscles of the medial thigh
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24
Q

Lumbosacral Trunk

A
  • Created through the anterior rami of the 4th and 5th lumbar nerves
  • Runs inferiorly on either side of the spinal column to interact with S1
  • Helps create the sciatic, superior gluteal, and inferior gluteal nerves, and the nerves to the internal obturator, superior and inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris muscles
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25
Q

Nerves that Provide Sympathetic Innervation:

A
  • Greater Splanchnic N
  • Lesser Splanchnic N
  • Least Splanchnic N
  • Lumbar Splanchnic N
  • Sacral Splanchnic N
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26
Q

Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Consists of 3 pairs of nerves above the diaphragm running inferiorly towards the abdomen to synapse within the ganglia located near the aorta
  • Consists of preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the sympathetic chain ganglion T5-T12
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27
Q

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Contains input from T5-T9
  • Travels from thoracic sympathetic trunk inferiorly into the abdomen (passing thru the thoracic diaphragm) where it synapses on the Celiac Trunk Ganglion
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28
Q

Postsynaptic Fibers of the Greater Splanchnic Nerve Provide Sympathetics to these Structures:

A
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Biliary System
  • Duodenum
  • Greater Omentum
29
Q

What nerve helps create the enteric nervous system of the foregut structures?

A

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

30
Q

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Contains input from T10-T11
  • Synapses at the Superior Mesenteric Ganglia (near where the superior mesenteric artery comes off the aorta)
31
Q

Postsynaptic Fibers of the Lesser Splanchnic Nerve Provide Sympathetics to these Structures:

A
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Cecum
  • Ascending Colon
  • Transverse Colon
32
Q

What nerve provides sympathetics to the midgut organs?

A

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

33
Q

Least Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Contains input from T11 and/or T12
  • Synapses at the Aortic Renal Ganglion
  • Provides innervation to the kidneys
34
Q

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Contains input from L1-L5
  • Join with the celiac, inferior mesenteric, and superior hypogastric plexuses
  • Postsynaptic fibers travel to the hindgut and pelvic organs
35
Q

What nerve provides sympathetics to the hindgut organs?

A

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve

36
Q

Sacral Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Contains input from S1-S5
  • Synapses at the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
  • Provide sympathetic innervation to the pelvis and perineum
  • Travels with branches of the internal iliac artery
37
Q

Ganglion Impar

A
  • End of the sympathetic chain near the sacrococcygeal junction
  • Left and Right sympathetic chains join here
  • No white rami communicantes come into this ganglion, only gray rami travel out
  • Sympathetic neurons travel to lower pelvic organs including the distal rectum and anus
38
Q

Nerves that Provide Parasympathetic Innervation:

A
  • Vagus N
  • Pelvic Splanchnic N
39
Q

Vagus Nerve

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Originates in the brain stem
  • Enters abdomen as the anterior or posterior vagal trunk (LARP = left anterior, right posterior) from the esophageal plexus
  • Carries presynaptic parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibers (mainly for reflexes) to the abdominal aortic plexuses
40
Q

What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?

A

Vagus Nerve

41
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Contains input from the anterior rami of S2-S4
  • Nerves travel to the inferior hypogastric plexus
  • Provide parasympathetic innervation to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal, and structures of the pelvis and perineum
42
Q

What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

43
Q

Extrinsic Plexuses

A

Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons and parasympathetic preganglionic axons (and some visceral sensory)

44
Q

Celiac (Solar) Plexus

A
  • Located underneath the thoracic diaphragm
  • Associated with the Celiac Trunk
  • Greater and Lesser Splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic contributions
  • Posterior Vagal Trunk provides parasympathetic contributions
  • Branches from this plexus travel to the foregut organs to help with controlling digestive processes
45
Q

Celiac Ganglion

A

Where the sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic axons synapse

46
Q

Superior Mesenteric Plexus

A
  • Located around the Superior Mesenteric Artery
  • Connected to the Celiac Plexus
  • Receives contributions from the Lesser & Least Splanchnic Nerves, and the first lumbar ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
  • Provides innervation to the midgut structures
47
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Plexus

A
  • Located around the Inferior Mesenteric Artery
  • Innervation from this plexus travels with the vessels from the Inferior Mesenteric Artery to innervated the hindgut
  • Receives contributions from the intermesenteric plexus (networks between superior and inferior) and the lumbar sympathetic trunk
  • ONLY SYMPATHETIC
48
Q

Superior Hypogastric Plexus

A
  • Located below the Inferior Mesenteric Plexus and is connected to it
  • Provides sympathetic innervation to the pelvic viscera
49
Q

Hypogastric Nerve

A
  • Branches off of the Superior Hypogastric Plexus
  • Connects the Superior Hypogastric Plexus with the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
50
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus

A
  • Located in the pelvis on either side of the rectum, cervix and urinary bladder
  • Contains both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
  • Sympathetic contribution comes from the Hypogastric Nerves (Superior Hypogastric Plexus)
  • Parasympathetic contribution comes from the Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves
  • Provides innervation to the Pelvic Viscera
51
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A
  • Wholly contained within the submucosal and myenteric plexuses in the wall of the GI tract
  • Communicates extensively with the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems
  • Made up of intrinsic plexuses within the GI tract walls
  • Contains visceral afferent neurons that relay sensory information back to the CNS
  • Interactions between enteric neurons allow for reflex-like responses to help in the regulation of local GI responses
  • CNS provides the ENS with more broad-scale environmental control
  • Divided into the Myenteric Plexus and the Submucosal Plexus
52
Q

Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach Plexus)

A
  • Intrinsic plexus located between the layers of muscles within the abdominal viscera (btwn the circular muscle and longitudinal muscle)
  • Helps in regulating the movement of the smooth muscle here
53
Q

Submucosal Plexus (Meissner Plexus)

A
  • Part of the enteric nervous system located within the submucosa of the abdominal viscera (btwn the submucosa and circular muscle)
  • Functions to control both endocrine and exocrine secretions, vasomotion, micro-motility, and immune response
54
Q

Midclavicular Plane

A

Two sagittal planes running down from the center of the right nad left clavicles

55
Q

Transpyloric Plane (Addison’s Plane)

A
  • Runs across the body at the level of L1
  • Found by finding the midpoint between the jugular notch and pubic symphysis
  • This line transects the pylorus of the stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, superior mesenteric artery, hepatic portal vein, transverse mesocolon, and hilum of the kidneys
56
Q

Subcostal Plane

A

Line passes inferior to the 10th costal cartilage (L2); runs paralle to the transverse colon

57
Q

Transtubercular (Intertubercular) Plane

A
  • Line passes through the iliac tubercles
  • Approximately at the level of the ileocecal junction
58
Q

Interspinous Plane

A
  • Line that connects the two ASIS’s together
  • Runs around the level of the appendix and sigmoid colon
59
Q

Right Hypochondriac Region

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Right kidney
  • Small Intestine
60
Q

Right Hypochondriac Region

A

Right Upper Quadrant
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Right kidney
- Small Intestine

61
Q

Epigastric Region

A

Middle Upper Quadrant
- Stomach
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Duodenum
- Spleen
- Adrenal Glands

62
Q

Left Hypochondriac Region

A

Left Upper Quadrant
- Spleen
- Colon
- Left Kidney
- Pancreas

63
Q

Right Lumbar Region

A

Right Middle Quadrant
- Gallbladder
- Liver
- Right Colon

64
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Middle
- Umbilicus
- Parts of Small Intestine
- Duodenum

65
Q

Left Lumbar Region

A

Left Middle Quadrant
- Descending Colon
- Left Kidney

66
Q

Right Iliac Region

A

Right Lower Quadrant
- Appendix
- Cecum

67
Q

Hypogastric Region

A

Middle Lower Quadrant
- Urinary Bladder
- Sigmoid Colon
- Female Reproductice Organs

68
Q

Left Iliac Region

A

Left Lower Quadrant
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon

GIGU Exam 1 (14 decks)

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