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GIGU Exam 1 > Abdominal Arthrology & Myology > Flashcards

Abdominal Arthrology & Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Abdominal Cavity

A
  • Inferior to Thoracic Diaphragm
  • Superior to Pelvic Cavity
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2
Q

Walls of the abdomen are mostly:

A

Soft Tissue (muscle)

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3
Q

What lines the Abdominal Cavity?

A

Serous Membrane called the Peritoneum

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4
Q

Role of the Peritoneum:

A

Allows the tightly packed organs of the abdomen to work next to each other without interfering or impeding

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5
Q

Camper Fascia (Superficial Fatty Layer)

A
  • Superficial layer of adipose tissue found below the skin
  • In males the accumulation of this type of fat is often called “beer belly”
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6
Q

Scarpa Fascia (Deep Membranous Layer of Subcutaneous Tissue)

A
  • Layer of thick tissue that runs deep to the Camper Fascia
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7
Q

Scarpa Fascia runs inferior to the ____ to become continuous with the ___ ___ fascia

A
  • Perineum (genitoanal area)
  • Superficial Perineal (Colles)
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8
Q

Importance of the Scarpa Fascia becoming continuous with the Superficial Perineal Fascia:

A

This connection allows fluid to travel from the abdomen into the perineum

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9
Q

Scarpa Fascia fuses with the ___ __, preventing abdominal fluid from traveling into the leg

A

Fascia Lata

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10
Q

Deep Fascia

A
  • Cover the anterior wall muscle layers
  • Intimately associated with anterior wall muscle fascial layers
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11
Q

Transversalis Fascia (Endoabdominal Fascia)

A
  • Deepest layer of the abdominal wall
  • Made up of membranous and areolar tissue that varies in thickness depending on location
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12
Q

What separates the Transversalis Fascia from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity?

A

Thin layer of fat (Extraperitoneal Fat)

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13
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • Serous lining of the abdominal cavity
  • Two layers: Parietal, Visceral
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14
Q

Parietal Layer of Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • Located next to the Transversalis Fascia and the abdominal walls
  • Innervated and vascularized by same supply as abdominal wall
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15
Q

Visceral Layer of Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • Covers abdominal organs
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16
Q

What is between the Parietal and Visceral Layers of the Peritoneum?

A

A space with serous fluid

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17
Q

External Oblique Muscle

A
  • Paired muscle
  • Largest and most external of the anterolateral abdominal muscles
  • Majority of the fibers run in an inferomedial direction (down towards midline)
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18
Q

External Oblique Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
  • Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior iliac crest
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19
Q

External Oblique Muscle: Innervation

A
  • Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11)
  • Subcostal Nerve
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20
Q

External Oblique Muscle: Action

A
  • Compresses and supports abdominal organs
  • Flexes and rotates the trunk
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21
Q

External Oblique Aponeurosis

A
  • Anterior tendinous aspect of external oblique muscles
  • Right and left fuse together along the Linea Alba
  • Create rectus sheath
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22
Q

Linea Semilunaris

A
  • Demarcates where the abdominal muscles transition to aponeurosis
  • Located on the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle
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23
Q

Linea Alba

A
  • Where aponeurosis from the left and right abdominal muscles come together and interweave with each other forming a raphe
  • Runs vertically along the midline of the body
  • Separates the two rectus abdominis muscle bodies
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24
Q

Inguinal Ligament (Poupart Ligament)

A
  • Inferior, fibrous edge (aponeurosis) of the external oblique muscle folds under itself creating this ligament
  • Runs between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle
  • Located right below this ligament is the Subinguinal Space (hip flexors and neurovascular structures pass thru that space)
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25
Q

Internal Oblique Muscle

A
  • Second muscle layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall
  • Majority of fibers run in superolateral direction, opposite the external oblique fibers
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26
Q

Internal Oblique Aponeurosis

A
  • Anterior tendinous aspect of the internal oblique muscles
  • Right and left fuse together along the Linea Alba
  • Creates rectus sheath
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27
Q

Inferiorly the Internal Oblique Aponeurosis fuses with the Transversus Abdominis Aponeurosis, creating the:

A

Conjoint Tendon

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28
Q

Internal Oblique Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
  • Insertion: Inferior portion of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pectin pubis (conjoint tendon)
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29
Q

Internal Oblique Muscle: Innervation

A
  • Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T6-T11)
  • Subcostal N
  • Ilioinguinal N
  • Iliohypogastric N
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30
Q

Internal Oblique Muscle: Action

A
  • Compresses and supports abdominal organs
  • Flexes and rotates the trunk
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31
Q

Formation of Cremaster Muscle

A
  • Internal Oblique muscle fibers are pulled into the spermatic cord as male gonads travel outside the body, which leads to formation of this muscle
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32
Q

Function of Cremaster Muscle

A

Thermoregulation of testes

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33
Q

Innervation of Cremaster Muscle

A

Genital branch of Genitofemoral N

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34
Q

Conjoint Tendon (Inguinal Flax)

A
  • Aponeurosis of the Internal Oblique Muscle and Transversus Abdominis Muscle fuse together before inserting on the Pectin Pubis and Pubic Crest
  • Serves as a posterior boundary for the Inguinal Canal
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35
Q

Transversus Abdominis Muscle

A
  • Deepest of the 3 anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
  • Muscle fibers run mostly horizontally across the abdomen
  • Between this muscle and the Internal Oblique muscle is a neurovascular pathway for the nerves and vessels to travel before piercing the surface
  • Forms the Transversus Abdominis Aponeurosis near the Linea Semilunaris
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36
Q

Transversus Abdominis Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
  • Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pectin pubis (conjoint tendon)
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37
Q

Transversus Abdominis Muscle: Innervation

A
  • Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T6-T11)
  • Subcostal N
  • Ilioinguinal N
  • Iliohypogastric N
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38
Q

Transversus Abdominis Muscle: Action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal organs

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39
Q

Rectus Abdominis Muscle

A
  • Strap-like muscle that lies on either side of the anterior midline (Linea Alba), running vertically
  • Muscle belly tapers as it moves inferiorly
  • Surrounded by the rectus sheath (created by the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis)
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40
Q

Rectus Abdominis Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
  • Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
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41
Q

Rectus Abdominis Muscle: Innervation

A
  • Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T6-T11)
  • Subcostal N
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42
Q

Rectus Abdominis Muscle: Action

A
  • Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae)
  • Compresses abdominal contents
  • Aids in pelvic stabilization
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43
Q

Tendinous Intersections

A
  • Horizontal tendons amongst rectus abdominis muscle – break it into smaller sections
  • Create 6 pack appearance of muscle
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44
Q

Tendinous Intersections fuse with the:

A

Anterior Rectus Sheath

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45
Q

Pyramidalis Muscle

A
  • Small, triangular-shaped muscle lying anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle (under the rectus sheath)
  • Runs from the pubic crest (widest point) and inserts into the Linea Alba
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46
Q

Pyramidalis Muscle: Action

A

Tenses the Linea Alba

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47
Q

Pyramidalis Muscle: Innervation

A

Subcostal Nerve

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48
Q

What structure is absent in 20% of the population?

A

Pyramidalis Muscle

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49
Q

Rectus Sheath

A
  • Fibrous structure made out of the aponeuroses of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (external and internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles)
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50
Q

Rectus Sheath incompletely surrounds the:

A
  • Rectus Abdominis
  • Pyramidalis
  • Superior & Inferior Epigastric vessels
  • Lymphatics
  • Distal portions of the Thoracoabdominal nerves
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51
Q

Above the Umbilicus, the External Oblique Aponeurosis is the:

A
  • Most superficial to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle
  • Creates outer layer of rectus sheath
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52
Q

Above the Umbilicus, the Internal Oblique Aponeurosis:

A
  • Splits – part of the aponeurosis is superficial to the Rectus abdominis muscle and the other part goes posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle
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53
Q

Above the Umbilicus, the Transversus Abdominis Muscle creates the:

A

Deepest part of the rectus sheath behind the rectus abdominis muscle

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54
Q

Arcuate Line

A
  • Crescent shaped line that demarcates the switch in the pattern of how the rectus sheath is created
  • Located below the umbilicus
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55
Q

Below the Arcuate Line, all anterolateral muscle aponeuroses move:

A

Anterior to the Rectus Abdominis

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56
Q

Below the Arcuate Line, the only thing posterior to the Rectus Abdominis is the:

A

Transversalis Fascia (the deepest layer of the abdominal wall before the peritoneum)

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57
Q

Is the abdominal wall more translucent above or below the Arcuate Line?

A

Wall is more translucent below the line than above the Arcuate Line

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58
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

A
  • Long, thick muscle located lateral to the lumbar vertebrae
  • Runs under the inguinal ligament to insert onto the femur (lesser trochanter)
  • Joins with the Iliacus muscle to form the Iliopsoas muscle
  • Lumbar plexus is intimately associated with this muscle
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59
Q

What nerve pierces the Psoas Major Muscle belly?

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

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60
Q

Psoas Major Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: T12, Lumbar vertebrae (body and transverse processes)
  • Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the femur
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61
Q

Psoas Major Muscle: Innervation

A

Muscular branches of Lumbar Plexus (L2-L4)

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62
Q

Psoas Major Muscle: Action

A
  • Alone: Helps in laterally flexing the vertebral column, helps balance the trunk
  • With the Iliacus: flexes the thigh
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63
Q

Psoas Minor Muscle

A
  • Lies on top of the psoas major
  • May not be present in all people
  • Medial Arcuate Ligament of the diaphragm is located near its superior aspect
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64
Q

Psoas Minor Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: T12 and L1
  • Insertion: Pubis’s Iliopectineal eminence and Pectineal Line
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65
Q

Psoas Minor Muscle: Action

A
  • Laterally flexes the vertebral column
  • Balances the trunk
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66
Q

Psoas Minor Muscle: Innervation

A

Muscular branches of Lumbar Plexus (L1-L2)

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67
Q

Iliacus Muscle

A
  • Triangular-shaped muscle on the lateral abdominal (upper pelvic) wall
  • Runs with the Psoas Major out of the abdomen and inserts onto the femur
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68
Q

Iliacus Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: Superior Iliac Fossa, Sacrum, Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
  • Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur, Femoral Shaft
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69
Q

Iliacus Muscle: Innervation

A

Femoral N

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70
Q

Iliacus Muscle: Action

A
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Stabilizes the hip joint
71
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

A
  • Deep
  • Runs lateral to the Psoas Major Muscule on the posterior abdominal wall
  • Lateral Arcuate Ligament of the Diaphragm travels along its superior border
72
Q

What nerves run along the anterior surface of the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle?

A
  • Subcostal N
  • Nerves from Lumbar Plexus (Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric)
73
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle: Origin & Insertion

A
  • Origin: Inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
  • Insertion: Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest
74
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle: Innvervation

A
  • Subcostal N
  • Muscular branches of Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
75
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle: Action

A
  • Extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column
  • Helps stabilize the 12th rib during inspiration
76
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • Domed muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
  • Used for inspiration
  • Right side rises slightly higher into the thoracic cavity due to the liver
  • Periphery is marked by muscle fibers while its center is tendinous (central tendon)
77
Q

Diaphragm: Innervation

A
  • Phrenic N
  • Thoracoabdominal N
  • Subcostal N
78
Q

Sternal Part of the Diaphragm

A
  • Anterior aspect of the Diaphragm
  • Attaches to the Xiphoid Process of the Sternum
  • Not present in all people
79
Q

Costal Part of the Diaphragm

A
  • Anterolateral aspect of the diaphragm
  • Attaches to the inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
  • Can be divided into L and R
80
Q

Lumbar Part (Crural Part) of Diaphragm

A
  • Posterolateral aspect of the diaphragm
  • Attaches to the Lumbar Vertebrae
  • Gives rise to the Crura of the Diaphragm that attaches to the medial (psoas) and lateral (quadratus) arcuate ligaments
81
Q

Right Crus of the Diaphragm

A
  • Band of muscle and tendon arising from the first 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae
  • Fibers run around the esophagus (esophageal Hiatus) opening and the space for the aorta to pass (aortic hiatus)
82
Q

Esophageal Hiatus

A
  • Opening for the esophagus and vagal trunks to pass between the thoracic and abdominal cavities at the level of T10
  • Right Crus wraps around forming this hole
83
Q

Left Crus of the Diaphragm

A
  • Band of muscle and tendon that arises from the first 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
  • Smaller than the Right Crus
84
Q

Aortic Hiatus

A
  • Where the Aorta and thoracic duct pass between the thoracic and abdominal cavities (around T12)
  • Diaphragm goes around this hiatus which ensures the diaphragm does not impact the aorta during breathing
85
Q

Levels of the Diaphragmatic Openings

A

I Ate Ten Eggs At 12
- Inferior vena cava
- T8
- T10
- Esophagus
- Aorta
- T12

86
Q

Level of Diaphragmatic Openings: Caval Hiatus

A

T8

87
Q

Level of Diaphragmatic Openings: Esophageal Hiatus

A

T10

88
Q

Level of Diaphragmatic Openings: Aortic Hiatus

A

T12

89
Q

Central Tendon of the Diaphragm

A
  • Aponeurosis of the diaphragm where the peripheral muscle fibers insert
  • Caval opening is located towards the posterior aspect of the tendon (IVC and R Phrenic N pass thru here)
90
Q

Median Arcuate Ligament

A
  • Thickening of the diaphragm into a tendon that unites the L and R Crura
  • Wraps around the aorta, helping to separate the aorta from the diaphragm (aortic hiatus)
91
Q

Medial Arcuate Ligament

A
  • Thickening of the Psoas Major Fascia into a tendon that passes around the Psoas Major Muscle lateral to the upper lumbar vertebrae
  • Lumbar part of diaphragm attaches to it
92
Q

Lateral Arcuate Ligament runs from the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ of the ___ ___ __

A
  • 12th rib
  • Transverse Process of the first lumbar vertebrae
93
Q

Lateral Arcuate Ligament

A
  • Thickening of the Quadratus Lumborum Fascia into a tendon that passes around the Quadratus Lumborum muscle
  • Lumbar part of diaphragm attaches to it
94
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • Semipermeable, serous membrane (mesothelium) that lines the abdominal cavity
  • Plays a role in immune defense
95
Q

Peritoneum: Parietal Layer

A
  • Lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall
  • Innervated by pressure, localized pain, and temperature
96
Q

Peritoneum: Visceral Layer

A
  • Covers the abdominal organs
  • Invests the viscera
  • Supplied by the same neurovasculature as the organ it covers
  • Innervated by stretch and chemical irritation
97
Q

Between the Parietal and Visceral layers of the Peritoneum exists a:

A

Peritoneal fluid
- functions in lubricating the peritoneal surfaces and preventing against friction

98
Q

Intraperitoneal Organ

A

Type of organ that has multiple surfaces covered by visceral peritoneum

99
Q

Intraperitoneal Organ: Bare Area

A
  • Space on an organ that is not covered by the peritoneum
  • Area is where the neurovascular structures can enter and leave the organ
100
Q

Retroperitoneal Organ

A
  • Type of organ that only has one surface covered by the visceral peritoneum
  • These organs are typically found along the posterior abdominal wall
101
Q

List of Retroperitoneal Organs

A

SAD PUCKER
- Suprarenal glands
- Aorta and inferior vena cava
- Duodenum (not all portions)
- Pancreas (not all portions)
- Ureters
- Colon (ascending and descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus
- Rectum

102
Q

Mesentery

A
  • Infolding of the Peritoneum
  • Created as an abdominal organ moved into the Peritoneal Cavity (these organs are considered intraperitoneal)
103
Q

Mesentery contains:

A
  • Neurovascular and Lymphatic supply for organ that was brought with it as it traveled away from body wall
104
Q

3 Main Mesenteries

A
  • Mesentery of Small Intestine (Mesentery Proper)
  • Transverse Mesocolon
  • Sigmoid Mesocolon
105
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Double-layer of Peritoneum that runs from the lesser curvature of the stomach (superior aspect) to the liver and duodenum

106
Q

2 Ligaments of the Lesser Omentum

A

(1) Hepatogastric Ligament (Gastrohepatic Ligament)
(2) Hepatoduodenal Ligament

107
Q

Hepatogastric (Gastroheptaic) Ligament

A

Double-layer of Peritoneum that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver (fissure of the ligamentum venosum)

108
Q

The ___ vessels travel within the Hepatogastric Ligament

A

Gastric

109
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

A

Double-layer of the Peritoneum that connects the liver to the proximal duodenum

110
Q

The Hepatoduodenal Ligament is the free edge of the Lesser Omentum (Omentum Foramen) surrounding the:

A
  • Proper Hepatic Artery
  • Hepatic Portal Vein
  • Bile Duct (Portal Triad)
111
Q

Greater Omentum

A
  • Apron-line structure attached to the greater curvature of the stomach (lower aspect)
  • Descends in the abdomen and folds upon itself on its journey back superiorly
  • Anchors to Transverse Colon (inferior to stomach)
  • Because of the folding, it is made up of 4 layers of Peritoneum
112
Q

3 Ligaments of Greater Omentum

A

(1) Gastrophrenic Ligament
(2) Gastrosplenic Ligament
(3) Gastrocolic Ligament

113
Q

Gastrophrenic Ligament

A

Double-layer of peritoneum between the stomach (both the greater curvature and fundus of the stomach) and the inferior surface of the diaphragm

114
Q

Gastrophrenic Ligament serves as a pathway for the:

A

Left Inferior Phrenic Vessels

115
Q

Gastrosplenic Ligament

A

Double-layer peritoneum between greater curvature of stomach (lateral aspect) and hilum of spleen

116
Q

Which vessels run through the Gastrosplenic Ligament?

A

Short Gastric and Left Gastroepoploic Vessels

117
Q

Gastrocolic Ligament

A

Double-layer of peritoneum between the greater curvature of the stomach (inferior aspect) and the transverse colon, creating the apron-like appearance of the Greater Omentum

118
Q

Which vessels are within the Gastrocolic Ligament?

A

Right and Left Gastroepiploic Vessels

119
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the Lesser Sac?

A

Gastrocolic Ligament

120
Q

Greater Sac

A
  • Area of the peritoneal cavity that is comprised of almost the entire abdominal cavity that is outside of the lesser omentum and stomach
  • Contains the Intraperitoneal organs
121
Q

Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)

A
  • Area that lies behind the stomach and lesser omentum
  • Contains no organs
  • Provides space for the stomach to move during digestion
122
Q

Omental Foramen (Epiploic Foramen, Foramen of Winslow)

A
  • Opening between the Lesser and Greater Sac
123
Q

Boundaries of the Lesser Sac
(1) Superior
(2) Inferior
(3) Posterior
(4) Lateral
(5) Anterior

A

(1) Superior: Liver & Diaphragm
(2) Inferior: Greater Omentum & Transverse Mesocolon
(3) Posterior: Coronary Ligament of the Liver, Pancreas, L Suprarenal Gland and Kidney, IVC, & Aorta
(4) Lateral: Spleen
(5) Anterior: Lesser Omentum, Gastrocolic Ligamenet & Stomach

124
Q

Boundaries of the Omental Foramen
(1) Superior
(2) Inferior
(3) Posterior
(4) Anterior

A

(1) Superior: Liver
(2) Duodenum
(3) Posterior: IVC & R Crus of the Diaphragm
(4) Anterior: Hepatoduodenal Ligament

125
Q

Supracolic Space

A
  • Located above the Transverse Mesocolon
  • Contains the stomach, liver and spleen
126
Q

Divisions within the Supracolic Space

A
  • Right Subphrenic Space
  • Left Subphrenic Space
  • Subhepatic Space
127
Q

Left Subphrenic Space contains:

A

Left lobe of the Liver and Spleen

128
Q

Right Subphrenic Space contains:

A

Right lobe of the Liver

129
Q

Subhepatic Space contains:

A

the area anterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

130
Q

Hepatorenal Space (Morison Pouch)

A
  • Located between the inferior Liver and Right Kidney
  • Can fill with fluid or blood
131
Q

Splenorenal Space (Koller Pouch)

A

Located between the Spleen and Left Kidney

132
Q

Infracolic Space

A
  • Area of the Greater Sac below the Transverse Mesocolon and behind the abdominal wall
  • Contains the Small Intestine, and Ascending & Descending Colon
133
Q

2 Divisions of the Infracolic Space

A

(1) Left Infracolic (Inframesocolic) Space
(2) Right Infracolic (Inframesocolic) Space

134
Q

Paracolic Gutters

A
  • Area that runs between the abdominal wall and the lateral aspect of the ascending and descending colon
  • Provide a connection between the Supracolic and Infracolic Spaces, allowing peritoneal fluid (and infection) to travel around the Greater Sac
135
Q

Issues such as infections can be contained a bit longer in the ___ Sac than if they occur in the ___ Sac

A
  • Lesser
  • Greater
136
Q

Phrenicocolic Ligament connects what two organs?

A

Spleen to the Colon

137
Q

The Right Paracolic Gutter allows more fluid flow due to the ___ ___ on the Left Paracolic Gutter.

A

Phrenicocolic Ligament

138
Q

Umbilical Folds

A
  • Near the umbilicus on the inside of the abdominal wall
  • 5 folds of the Peritoneum that are related to the structures underneath them
139
Q

Medial Umbilical Fold

A
  • Unpaired fold of the Parietal Peritoneum
  • Runs along midline on posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall (behind the Linea Alba), from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus
  • Covers the Median Umbilical Ligament
140
Q

Median Umbilical Ligament is remnants of the:

A

Urachus

141
Q

Medial Umbilical Fold

A
  • Paired folds
  • Located to the Left and Right of the Median Fold
  • Covers remnants of umbilical arteries
142
Q

Lateral Umbilical Fold

A
  • Paired folds
  • Located the most lateral of the umbilical folds
  • Covers the inferior epigastric arteries
143
Q

Inferior Epigastric Arteries

A
  • Travel anterior to Arcuate Line –> course towards superior epigastric arteries on posterior aspect of rectus abdominis
144
Q

Peritoneal Fossae

A
  • Depression located on the inferior aspect of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall
145
Q

3 Different Peritoneal Fossae

A

(1) Supravesical
(2) Medial Inguinal
(3) Lateral Inguinal

146
Q

Supravesical Fossae

A
  • Depression located between the median and medial umbilical folds
  • Created as the peritoneum reflects on the surface of the bladder
  • Essentially it is a gutter between the bladder and abdominal wall that changes in size based on fullness of bladder
147
Q

Medial Inguinal Fossae (Inguinal Triangle, Hesselbach Triangle)

A
  • Depression located between the medial and lateral umbilical folds
  • Marks the location where the direct inguinal hernia can arise
148
Q

Structure located Inferior to Medial Inguinal Fossae:

A

Inguinal Ligament

149
Q

Structure located Medial to Medial Inguinal Fossae:

A

Rectus Abdominis

150
Q

Structure located Lateral to Medial Inguinal Fossae:

A

Inferior Epigastric Vessels

151
Q

Lateral Inguinal Fossae

A
  • Depression located lateral to the lateral umbilical folds
  • Associated with the deep inguinal ring (exit of the testicular vessels and ductus deferens in males, and round ligament of the uterus in females)
152
Q

Where can an indirect Inguinal Hernia occur?

A

Lateral Inguinal Fossae

153
Q

What is located medial to the Lateral Inguinal Fossae? Lateral?

A
  • Medial: Inferior Epigastric Vessels
  • Lateral: Pelvic Fossa
154
Q

Falciform Ligament

A
  • Reflection of the Peritoneum
  • Located superior to the umbilicus
  • Runs along the superior abdominal wall to the liver
  • Covers the Round Ligament of the Liver (Ligamentum Teres) and Para-umbilical Veins
155
Q

Round Ligament of the Liver is the fibrous remnant of the:

A

Umbilical Vein

156
Q

Inguinal Canal

A
  • Provides a path for reproductive and associated structures to enter and leave the abdominal cavity
  • Runs in the inferomedial direction along the inferior aspect of the abdomen
157
Q

In females, the ___ ___ of the __ is located within the Inguinal Canal

A

Round Ligament of the Uterus

158
Q

In males, the ___ ___ is located within the Inguinal Canal

A

Spermatic Cord

159
Q

Roof of the Inguinal Canal

A
  • Transversalis Fascia
  • Transversus Abdominis Muscle
  • Internal Oblique Muscle
  • External Oblique Muscle
160
Q

Anterior Wall of the Inguinal Canal

A
  • External Oblique Aponeurosis
161
Q

Posterior Wall of the Inguinal Canal

A
  • Transversalis Fascia
162
Q

The posterior medial wall of the inguinal canal attaches to the:

A

Conjoint Tendon (fusion of the aponeuroses from the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles)

163
Q

Anteroinferior Wall (Floor) of the Inguinal Canal

A
  • Inguinal Ligament
  • Lacunar Ligament
164
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A
  • Infolding of the external Oblique Muscle Aponeurosis
  • Runs from the ASIS to the Pubic Tubercle
165
Q

Posteriorinferior Wall (Floor) of the Inguinal Canal

A
  • Iliopubic Tract (Transversalis Fascia)
166
Q

Lacunar Ligament (Ligament of Gimbernat)

A
  • Runs between the pubic ramus and the inguinal ligament (lateral crus), anchoring the ligament to the pubis
  • Made up of eternal oblique aponeurosis
167
Q

Pectineal Ligament (Ligament of Cooper)

A

Created by fibers from the Lacunar Ligament running along the Pectin Pubis

168
Q

Iliopubic Tract

A
  • Thickened margin of the Transversalis Fascia
  • Runs parallel but deep to the inguinal ligament
169
Q

Inguinal Rings

A

Openings of the Inguinal canal that allow the contents of the canal to enter and exit

170
Q

Deep Inguinal Ring (Internal Inguinal Ring)

A
  • Internal entrance to the inguinal canal found on the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall (lateral inguinal fossa)
  • Located superior to the inguinal ligament and lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
  • Transversalis Fascia runs into the canal helping to create this opening
171
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring (External Inguinal Ring)

A
  • External opening of the inguinal canal created by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis
  • Allows the spermatic cord (male) and round ligament of the uterus (female) to exit the body
172
Q

Lateral Crus of the Superficial Inguinal Ring

A
  • Fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis that form the lateral margin of the superficial inguinal ring
  • Fibers attach to the pubic tubercle
173
Q

Medial Crus of the Superficial Inguinal Ring

A
  • Fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis that form the medial margin of the superficial inguinal ring
  • Fibers attach to the pubic crest
174
Q

Intercrural Fibers of the Superficial Inguinal Ring

A
  • Fibers run across the superficial inguinal ring, connecting the medial and lateral crus
  • Fibers help to keep the rings from spreading apart

GIGU Exam 1 (14 decks)

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