Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Exam 1 > Abdominal Midgut and Hindgut > Flashcards

Abdominal Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

What are the similaritries and differences between the structural features of the jejunum and Ileum?

A

Similarities

  • Both are intraperitoneal (surrounded by mesentery)

Differences

  • Jejunum makes up the proximal 2/3’s of SI. Ileum makes up the distal 3/5’s of SI.
  • Jejunum contains mucosal folds (plicae circulares). Ileum does not
  • Jejunum has long vasa recta. Ileum has short vasa recta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What regulates the passage of ileal contents into the cecum

A

Ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Distinguish whether the ascending, transverse and descending colon are Intraperitoneal or Secondarily retroperitoneal

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal - Ascending and descending colon

Intraperitoneal - Transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What suspends the transverse colon to the posterior wall

A

Transverse mesocolon mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What suspends the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid mesocolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the appendix located

A

Attached to posterior-medial part of cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the LI is defined as both retroperitoneal and subperitoneal (below peritoneum in pelvic floor)

A

Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary arterial supply to the midgut and hindgut

A

Superior and Inferior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the SMA supply

A

Pancreas and duodenum

Small Intestine

Cecum

Ascending and transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the IMA supply

A

Descending and sigmoid colon

Superior rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the SMA arise

A

L1 level of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What branches of the SMA and Celiac trunk anastomose with each other

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries of the SMA w/ gastroduodenal branches from the celiac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the inestinal branches of the SMA

A

Jejunal A.

Ileal A.

Ileocolic A.

Right colic A.

Middle colic A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the IMA arise

A

Aorta at L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the inestinal branches of IMA

A

Left colic A.

Sigmoidal As.

Superior rectal A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the marginal artery

A

One large artery that forms from the anastomosis between SMA and IMA that helps prevent ischemia by providing and alternate route if there’s damage/obstruction to SMA or IMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the blood supply to the rectum

A

Superior rectal a.

Middle rectal a.

Inferior rectal a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the superior rectal a. branch from

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

20
Q

Where does the middle rectal a. branch from

A

Internal iliac a. (in pelvic cavity)

21
Q

Where does the Inferior rectal a. branch from

A

Internal pudendal a. (in perineum)

22
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein and where does it begin

A

It carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to deliver nutrients, bacteria and toxins to the liver to process and detoxified before being sent out to the systemic circulation.

It begins where the Superior Mesenteric V. and the Splenic V. join

23
Q

Where does the portal venous system anastomose with the systemic system

A

Gastroesophageal plexus

Umbilicus

Rectal venous plexus

24
Q

Decreased blood flow to the liver (heptaic hypertension) can cause what at the portal venous system anastomoses?

25
What are Thoracic splanchnics
Nerves that carry presynaptic axons from the spinal cord (T5-L1) to postsynaptic neurons located in aortic collateral ganglia
26
List the thoracic splanchnic nerves
Greater splanchnic n. Lesser splanchnic n. Least splanchnic n. Lumbar splanchnic n. Sacral splanchnic n.
27
What fibers do the greater splanhcnic nerve carry and where do they synapse
T5-T9 presynaptic axons from the spinal cord to the celiac ganglia
28
What organs does the post-synaptic neuron from the Celiac ganglia innervate
Gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Liver
29
What fibers does the lesser splanhcnic nerve carry and where do they synapse
Pre-synaptic fibers from T10-T11 that synapse at the superior mesenteric ganglion
30
What organs does the post-synaptic neuron from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate
Small intestine Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon
31
What fibers do the least splanhcnic nerve carry and where do they synapse
Pre-synaptic fibers from T12 that syanpse in the Aorticorenal gangla
32
What organs does the post-synaptic neuron from the aorticorenal ganglia innervate
Kidney and suprarenal glands
33
What is the origin of the lumbar splanchnics
L1-L5
34
Lumbar splanchnics originating from L1-L2 syanpse where
Superior mesenteric ganglion & inferior mesenteric ganglion
35
What organs do the post-synaptic neurons from the inferior mesenteric ganglia innervate
Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum
36
Lumbar splanchnic originating from L3-L5 synapse where and what organs do they innervate?
Hypogastric plexus/ganglia Innervate Rectum & anus
37
What fibers do the sacral splanhcnics carry and where do they synapse
Carry presynaptic axons from sacral sympathetic chain (S1-S5)to hypogastric ganglia
38
What organs are innervates by post-synaptic fibers from the hypogastric ganglua
Rectum Anus Pelvic Organs
39
What fibers make up the vagus nerve and where do they synapse
Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers that travel through the celiac ganglion and superior mesenteric ganglion to syanpse with post-synaptic fibers in the target organ.
40
What fibers make up the Pelvic splanhnics and where do they synapse
Presynaptic fibers from the sacral spinal nerves that travel through the hypogastric plexus and synapse with postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers within the target organ
41
Where do pelvic splanchnic nerves synapse
Descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal urogenital organs organs in perineum
42
Differentiate between the sacral splanchnic nerves and the pelvic splanchnic nerves
Sacral = Sympathetic = S1-S5 - Synapse in inferior hypogastric plexus Pelivic = Parasympathetic = S2-S4 - Synapse in target organ
43
What is somatic pain
Pain from irritation of parietal peritoneum. Brain interprets pain as though it's coming from the skin of that same dermatome that is hurting.
44
What is visceral pain
Pain from the organ itself. Pain originates within the organ and is transmitted via splanchnic nerves in the spinal cord
45
Which type of pain is acute and often well localized
Somatic pain
46
Which type of pain is poorly localized but radiates to same dermatime level receiving visceral afferents from the organ
Visceral pain

GIGU Exam 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions