Abdominal-finished Flashcards
How should you view the normal abdominal film?
Film R (right side) marker opposite to the viewer’s left side.
What is the general order you should look at an abdominal film?
Order: 1- Once over (glance making sure all the structures you would expect to be there) 2- Liver and Spleen 3- Psoas shadows 4- Renal contours and position (wont see much of kidney normally) 5- Abdominal calcification 6- Intestinal gas pattern 7- Bones
What are the three types of frontal projection of a Normal Abdominal film?
- Kidney, Ureter and Bladder (KUB)
- Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
- PA Abdomen
What is a “KUB” study used for? How is it performed?
Kidney, Ureter and Bladder
- AP scout film
- Performed upright or recumbent
- Highlights calcification of stones in GB, kidneys, ureters etc.
What is an IVP study used for? How is it performed?
Intravenous pyleogram
- Contrast study of kidneys, ureters and bladder
- Timed study (fill, excrete)
Why is a PA Abdomen X-ray done? How is it performed?
- For soft tissue detail; liver, gallbladder, spleen
- Performed upright and recumbent
Lateral projection x-ray of abdomens are done why?
- Used for accurate location of lesions seen frontally
- Gives visualisation of pre sacral space
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected in retro-peritoneal organs?
-Kidney, ureters, adrenal glands, duodenum, ascending and descending colon, pancreas.
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of Right upper quadrant organs?
-Liver, gallbladder (in upright position), upper portion of ascending colon, hepatic flexure of colon, transverse colon, right kidney and right adrenal gland.
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of Left upper quadrant organs?
- Spleen, pancreatic tail, stomach, transverse colon, splenic flexure descending colon, left kidney and adrenal gland.
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of right lower quadrant organs?
- Caecum, appendix, ascending colon, right ovary, right ureter
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of left lower quadrant organs?
- Descending colon, left ovary, left ureter mid-line abdominal structures: duodenum, pancreatic tail and head, small bowel and aorta.
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of right pelvic structures?
-Lower portion of caecum, appendix, right ovary, and right ureter.
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of left pelvic structures?
-Sigmoid colon, left ovary, left ureter
Normal anatomy expected in abdominal x-ray expected of midline pelvic structures?
-Uterus, prostate gland, bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum
In a double-contrast image what do the positive parts of the film look like and indicated?
-Opaque = barium
In a double-contrast image what do the negative parts of the film look like and indicated?
- Dark = air
What is crohns disease?
- Regional enteritis. Most common in the distal ileum, proximal colon. However, it may occur anywhere in the GIT.
What is the common age that crohns is diagnosed?
-Peak age of incidence is usually between 14-24 years of age.
Does crohns have a familial tendency?
-Yes
What is the clinic presentation/common pattern of crohns?
- Usually displays one of four common patterns of regional enteritis:
1. Inflammation
2. Obstructive (stenosing)
3. Combined (inflammation and obstruction)
4. Abdominal fistulas and abscesses
Acronym: (I, OBS, See (C), Fistulas)
What type of study is done for suspected crohns?
- Demonstrated by a barium study
eg barium enema
What is the radiological appearance of crohns in a barium study?
- Dilated lumen (most severe in distal jejunum)
- Abnormal muscle folds (thinned, thickened or absent)
- Hypersecretion of fluid in lumen (flocculated barium)
- Transient intussusception (telescoping of bowel gives coiled spring appearance on barium study)
Ulcerative colitis is?
Chronic inflammatory and ulcerative condition of colonic mucosa
