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Anatomy 701 > Abdominal Contents > Flashcards

Abdominal Contents Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the abdominal cavity?

A

Abdominal wall, diaphragm, pelvic inlet

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2
Q

What makes up the peritoneal cavity?

RED TEXT

A

Space Between parietal and visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

What makes up the retroperitoneal cavity?

A

Some digestive tract/urinary/cardiovascular/reproductive system

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4
Q

What wraps and fixes organs in the abdominal and pelvic cavity?

A

Serous membrane

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5
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Visceral peritoneum folding from stomach greater curvature

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6
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

Visceral peritoneum folding from stomach lesser curvature to liver

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7
Q

What is in the Greater Sac?

A

intraperitoneal organs

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8
Q

What is in the Lesser sac?

A

nothing, empty

recess bounded by greater and lesser omentum

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9
Q

What does the omental foramen connect?

A

Greater and Lesser sac (foramen of winslow)

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10
Q

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Holds together the portal triads (hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct)

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11
Q

The digestive system excludes the _____

A

spleen

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12
Q

What is in the foregut?

A

Abdominal esophagus, stomach, liver,1/2 duodenum, pancreas, spleen

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13
Q

What is in the midgut

A

1/2 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum/appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 proximal transverse colon

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14
Q

What is in the hind gut?

A

1/3 distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

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15
Q

When does the foregut rotate? How much?

A

3rd month. 90 degrees.

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16
Q

What plane does the foregut rotate in?

A

TRANSVERSE PLANE

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17
Q

Which vagus nerve is posterior in the thorax due to rotation of foregut?

A

Right vagus

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18
Q

** Which plane does the formation of lesser and greater peritoneal sac occur in? **

A

Coronal plane

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19
Q

What happens to the spleen during rotation of foregut?

A

Wrapped into the visceral membrane

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20
Q

Where does the esophagus cross the diaphragm and at which level of the vertebral column?

A

T10

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21
Q

How many degrees does the midgut rotate?

A

270

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22
Q

** What happens if the rotation of the midgut occurs after just 180 degrees? **

A

appendix under liver, pain still around McBurney’s point.
Disarranged alignment, splanchnic nerves mixed.

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23
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are in the visceral peritoneum. What kind of movement does this allow?

A

Free movement

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24
Q

Retroperitoneal organs are outside of parietal peritoneum. What kind of movement does this allow?

A

None, fixed to abdominal wall

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25
Q

What organs are intraperitoneal?

A

esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, transverse and the sigmoid colon, part of the liver and spleen.

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26
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Duodenum, pancreas, kidneys, ascending and descending colon, rectum, and anus

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27
Q

Primary retroperitoneal organs originate where?

A

Outside of parietal peritoneum. Mesoderm.

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28
Q

Which organs are primary retroperitoneal?

A

Distal rectum
Kidneys, ureters
Adrenal glands
Great vessles: IVC, AA
Testes/ovary before descending to scrotum/pelvis

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29
Q

Where do secondary retroperitoneal organs originate?

A

spinned out of peritoneum, endoderm

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30
Q

Which organs are secondary retroperitoneal?

A

¾ duodenum
Pancreas (tail in hilum of spleen)
Ascending colon
Descending colon

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31
Q

** Why is the spleen special? **

A

Spleen: primary retroperitoneal organ “spinned” into visceral peritoneum

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32
Q

Where is the short gastric artery?

A

Fundus of stomach, supplies foregut

33
Q

Anterior vagal plexus on the stomach is derived from right or left vagus nerve and WHY?

A

Left, right is posterior in thorax due to rotation of foregut

34
Q

** What sphincters are part of the abdominal esophagus?**

A

** Gastroesophageal sphincter/ lower esophageal sphincter

internal sphincter

external sphincter

35
Q

** Malfunction of which sphincter results in GERD? **

A

Squamocolumnar junction

36
Q

What supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Right gastric artery from hepatic artery proper
Left gastric artery from celiac trunk

37
Q

What supplies blood to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Right gastro-omental/epiploic artery from gastroduodenal artery (common hepatic artery)
Left gastro-omental/epiploic artery from splenic artery

38
Q

** What supplies blood to the fundus of the stomach? **

A

Short gastric artery from splenic artery, trabecular branches

39
Q

What can anemia result from?

A

Being vegetarian, not getting enough B12

40
Q

Where are the first and second parts of the duodenum?

A

Foregut

41
Q

Where are the 3rd and 4th parts of the duodenum?

A

Midgut

42
Q

List out one intraperitoneal organ of fore-, mid- and hindgut separately.

A

foregut - esophagus
midgut - ilium
hindgut - sigmoid colon

43
Q

What are the anterior lobes of the liver?

A

Right and left lobes connected by falciform ligament

44
Q

What are the posterior lobes of the liver?

A

Caudate and Quadrate lobes (Medial to IVA and gallbladder)

45
Q

Whats the difference between hepatic and portal veins?

A

Hepatic veins drain to inferior vena cava
portal veins are nutrient enriched and deoxygenated

46
Q

What is the pulmonary artery for regarding pulmonary circulation?

A

gas exchange

47
Q

What is the bronchial artery for regarding pulmonary circulation?

A

Nutrients and oxygen for lung functions

48
Q

** All endocrine glands have extraordinarily abundant blood supply. True or False?**

A

True

49
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Endocrine: insulin and glucagon
Exocrine: digestive enzymes

50
Q

** Which organ is Kehr’s sign related to? **

A

Capsule of the Spleen

thin and easy lacerated, bleeding, referral pain on the left shoulder

51
Q

Why is the splenic artery from the celiac trunk tortuous?

A

Trabecular artery gives out multiple short gastric arteries

52
Q

A patient suffers from chronic peptic ulcer. Deficiency of which vitamin absorption will cause severe medical problems? How can this happen?

A

Vitamin B12, not eating enough animal products

53
Q

What arteries supply the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery
*Middle colic artery
*Right colic artery
Jejunal arteries
Ileal arteries
*Ileocolic artery
- Marginal artery

54
Q

What arteries supply the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery
*Left colic artery
*Sigmoid arteries
- Marginal artery
*Superior rectal artery

55
Q

What are the 4 types of mesenteries?

A
  1. Mesentery proper: superior mesenteric artery branches for jejunum, ileum
  2. Transverse mesocolon: middle colic artery – transverse colon
  3. Sigmoid mesocolon: sigmoid and superior rectal arteries – sigmoid colon
  4. Mesoappendix: appendicular artery - appendix
56
Q

What is the difference between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Less layer of arcades and longer vasa recta in jejunum
Less circular folds in ileum compared to jejunum: jejunum mainly absorbs nutrients

57
Q

Which parts of the colon are fixed to the abdominal wall?

A

Ascending and descending colon, all other parts intraperitoneal

58
Q

The cystic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

right hepatic artery in celiac trunk from hepatic proper

59
Q

all digestive tract veins drain to what?

A

The hepatic portal vein

60
Q

What are the functions of the hepatic portal system?

A

Storage of nutrients to the liver
detoxication

61
Q

Malfunction of which organ blocks portal vein drainage?

A

Liver

62
Q

Gastric / splenic vein back flow to esophageal veins causes what?

A

Esophageal varices

63
Q

Rectal veins to internal iliac veins backflow causes what?

A

Internal hemorrhoids

64
Q

Paraumbilical vein back flow causes what?

A

Caput medusae

65
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A
  • Waste excretion out of blood: urine production
  • Electrolyte and water balance
  • Regulate blood pressure: renin-angiotensin system
  • Hematopoiesis: cytokine erythropoietin (EPO)
66
Q

Which kidney is lower than the other?

A

Right lower than the left due to the liver

67
Q

*** What is an AAA?

A

abdonimal aortic aneurism - increasing risk inferior to renal artery

68
Q

When does “nutcracker syndrome” occur?

A

When the left renal vein is impinged between the superior mesenteric artery and the anterior aorta - causes blood in urine and a swollen scrotum

69
Q

What is the medulla of the adrenal glands?

A

sympathetic ganglion - neurons release epinephrine and norepinephrine

70
Q

Where is the abdominal hiatus for the abdominal aorta?

A

T12 - median arcuate ligament

71
Q

Where is the gonadal artery?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal and descends to pelvis/scrotum

72
Q

What percentage of the thoracic duct drains to the left subclavian vein?

A

75%

73
Q

What innervates the foregut?

A
  • Sympathetic innervation: greater splanchnic nerve (T5~T9)
  • Parasympathetic innervation: vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10)
74
Q

What innervates the midgut?

A
  • Sympathetic innervation: inconclusive due to the rotations
  • Parasympathetic innervation: vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) to 2/3 transverse colon
75
Q

What innervates the hindgut?

A
  • Sympathetic innervation: lumbar splanchnic nerve (L1~L2)
  • Parasympathetic innervation: pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2~S4)
76
Q

A patient has been diagnosed AAA (abdominal aorta aneurysm). Where to palpate the pulse for the diagnoses?

A

idk

77
Q

What is the visceral innervation of the phrenic nerve?

A

Phrenic nerve: mediastinal pleura/fibrous pericardial capsule/gallbladder/ruptured spleen

78
Q

What is a plexus of enteric neurons that outnumbers the spinal cord?

A

Autonomous nervous system

Anatomy 701 (8 decks)

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