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BRS2 - Anatomy Abdo > Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Part 3 DR > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Part 3 DR Flashcards

1
Q

describe the appearance and shape of the spleen

A
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2
Q

is the spleen intra or retroperitoneal

why

A
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3
Q

what is the function of the spleen

A
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4
Q

describe the anatomical location of the spleen

where is it in relation to other organs

A
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5
Q

describe the surfaces of the spleen

A
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6
Q

how does the spleen’s location help protect it, but also make it vulnerable

A

ribcage

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7
Q

what are the splenic ligaments

where do they attach

A
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8
Q

what is the clinical significance of the spleen notches

A
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9
Q

what are the capsule and trabeculae of the spleen

what is their function

A
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9
Q

what are the capsule and trabeculae of the spleen

what is their function

A
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10
Q

describe the arterial blood supply to the spleen

A

where does the splenic artery divide

runs through the gastrosplenic ligament

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11
Q

describe the venous drainage of the spleen

A
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12
Q

what anatomical factors make sub-total splenectomy possible

A
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13
Q

describe the innervation of the spleen

A
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14
Q

what vertebral level is the pancreas

A
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15
Q

is pancreas intra or retro peritoneal

A
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16
Q

describe the relationship of the pancreas to the superior mesenteric vessels

A
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17
Q

describe the anatomical position of the pancreas

A
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18
Q

what are the different parts of the pancreas

where are they

A
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19
Q

describe the passage of ducts in the pancreas

A
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20
Q

what are the sphincters on the on the 3 sphincters around the ducts

what is their function

A
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21
Q

describe the blood supply of the pancreas

A
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22
Q

describe the venous drainage of the pancreas

A
23
Q

describe the innervation of pancreas

how does this relate to its function

A
24
Q

what are the major vessels that run very close to the pancreas

where are they

A
25
Q

how are the adrenals and kidneys related to each other

A
26
Q

describe the layers of tissue which surround the kidney

what is their purpose

A

renal capsule

perirenal fat - extends into renal sinus

renal fascia - encloses all sides of kidney and suprarenal glands except for inferiorly

pararenal fat - fat of the lumbar region, most obvious on posterior side of kidney

renal fascia sends collagen bundles through pararenal fat

27
Q

what is the location of the kidneys

what vertebral level

A

retroperitoneal

right kidney slightly lower than left

T12-L3, lie in front of the 11th and 12th ribs

28
Q

what is the renal sinus

A
29
Q

how do the kidneys move

A
30
Q

why is the right kidney lower than the left

A
31
Q

what structures are closely related to the posterior surface of the kidneys

A
32
Q

what structures are closely related to the anterior surface of the kidney

A
33
Q

from anterior to posterior what are the structures in the renal hilum

A
34
Q

why are the kidneys at an angle in the body

A
35
Q

what is the renal pyramid

give the sequence of structures that drain into it

A
36
Q

what are the ureters

where do they pass through

A
37
Q

where are the constrictions of the ureter

what is the clinical significance of this

A
38
Q

what are the layers surrounding the adrenal/suprarenal glands

how are they separated from the kidney

A
39
Q

what are the attachment of the adrenal/suprarenal glands

A
40
Q

are adrenals intra or retroperitoneal

A
41
Q

how does the shape and location of the right and left adrenal differ

A

right gland is pyramidal and situated over the superior pole of the right kidney

left is semilunar and situated over the superior-medial aspect of the left kidney

42
Q

what is the splenic hilum

what is significant about it

A

where veins and lymphatics leave the hilum

but arteries and nerves enter the gland at various sites

43
Q

what structures is the right adrenal close to

A

anterior to adrenal - is liver and vena cava

posterior to adrenal - is right crus of diaphragm

44
Q

what structures is left adrenal close to

A

anterior to adrenal - stomach, pancreas, spleen

posterior to adrenal - left crus of diaphragm

45
Q

what structures are found between the right and left medial borders of the spleen

A
46
Q

what are the different parts of the adrenal glands

what are their embryological origins

A
47
Q

describe the arterial blood supply to kidneys

A

renal arteries arise directly from aorta (just below superior mesenteric artery) at level of intervertebral disc between L1 and L2

right renal artery is longer and passes posterior to IVC

at the hilum renal artery divides into 5 segmental arteries

segmental → interlobar → arcuate → interlobular → afferent arterioles

48
Q

what is the clinical significance of the segmental arteries of the kidney

A
49
Q

what are the segmental arteries of the kidney

A

5

apical segmental

antero-superior segmental

antero-inferior segmental

inferior segmental

posterior segmental

50
Q

where do arteries enter the kidney

A
51
Q

describe the venous drainage of the kidneys

A

from left and right renal veins → drain into IVC

left renal vein is longer

both veins anterior to renal arteries

52
Q

describe the arterial supply to the ureters

what is the clinical significance of this

A

renal arteries

testicular or ovarian arteries

abdominal aorta

common iliac

all form longitudinal anastomosis on ureter wall → but the branches are delicate so ischaemia can occur if ruptured despite continuous anastamosis

therefore surgeons operating in posterior abdominal region are careful not to retract ureters laterally or unnecessarily

53
Q

describe the venous drainage of the ureters

A

blood drains into renal vein and testicular/ovarian veins

54
Q

describe the arterial supply to the adrenal glands

A

extensive blood supply due to endocrine function

suprarenal arteries have 50-60 branches coming into gland, enter all over it

suprarenal arteries arise from 3 sources:

superior suprarenal - arises from inferior phrenic (comes off abdominal aorta)

middle suprarenal - arises from aorta

inferior suprarenal - arises from renal arteries

55
Q

describe the venous drainage of the adrenals

A

via left and right suprarenal veins

right suprarenal is shorter and drains directly into IVC

left suprarenal is longer and joins with left inferior phrenic to drain into left renal vein then into IVC

56
Q

where is referred pain from the ureter

A

BRS2 - Anatomy Abdo (5 decks)

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