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BRS2 - Anatomy Abdo > Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Part 1 DR > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Part 1 DR Flashcards

1
Q

what are the borders of the abdomen

A

superior border - diaphragm (separates thorax and abdomen)

inferior border - plane of superior pelvic aperture/pelvic inlet

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2
Q

how can the abdomen be divided

draw the areas and the lines which divide them

A

can be divided into 4 quadrants or 9 regions

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3
Q

what is contained within each of the 9 regions of the abdomen

A
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4
Q

what is contained within each of the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

A
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5
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

the potential space between the parietal peritoneum covered abdominal wall and the abdominal organs covered with visceral peritoneum

normally contains a thin film lubricant - peritoneal fluid which allows free movement of abdominal viscera

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6
Q

what are the layers of anterolateral abdominal wall

A
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7
Q

what is investing fascia

A

superior, intermediate and deep investing fascia covers surface of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis respectively

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8
Q

what separates the parietal peritoneum and transversalis fascia

A

extra-peritoneal fat

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9
Q

what are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

5 bi-laterally paired muscles

2 vertical muscles - rectus abdominis + pyramidalis (present in 80% of people)

3 flat muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

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10
Q

what forms the linea alba

A

the interlacing of the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique and rectus abdominis from one side to the other and between external and internal oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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11
Q

what forms the rectus sheath

A

aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

anterior sheath - external oblique and internal oblique

posterior sheath - internal oblique and transversus abdominis

the posterior sheath ends at the arcuate line - transversus abdominis aponeurosis joins the anterior rectus sheath

therefore below the arcuate line posterior rectus abdominis lies directly on the transversalis fascia

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12
Q

describe the fibre orientation of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

what is the importance of this

A

external oblique - inferomedially

internal oblique - superomedially

transversus abdominis - transverse

similar to intercostal muscles, fibre orientation helps provides strength but as there are no ribs/bones the fibres are even more important

fibres of internal oblique are perpendicular to external oblique fibres

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13
Q

where does the anterolateral muscles become apo-neurotic

A

mid-clavicular lines

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14
Q

what are the points of attachment of the internal oblique

what are its functions

A

internal oblique:

origin - thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest

insertion - ribs 10-12

(note: the actual muscles fibres are mainly lateral, and the aponeurosis is more anterior)

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15
Q

what are the points of attachment of the transversus abdominis

what are its functions

A

transversus abdominis:

origin - thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12, inguinal ligament, iliac crest

insertion - conjoint tendon, xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest

compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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16
Q

what are the points of attachment of the external oblique

what are its functions

A

external oblique:

origin - ribs 5-12

insertion - linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

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17
Q

what is the reason for the fibre orientation of the transversus abdominis

A
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18
Q

what lies between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

what is this similar to

A
19
Q

what is the rectus abdominis

A
20
Q

describe the shape and width of the rectus sheath superiorly to inferiorly

A
21
Q

what is visible in people with a “six pack”

A
22
Q

what are the points of attachment of the rectus sheath

A
23
Q

what is the pyramidalis

A
24
Q

what are the points of attachment of the pyramidalis

A
25
Q

what is the arcuate line

A
26
Q

what makes up the anterior and posterior rectus sheath

A
27
Q

how does the rectus sheath change superiorly to inferiorly

A
28
Q

what does the linea alba separate

what is its shape

what is its function

A
29
Q

how is the linea alba relevant in fetal development

A
30
Q

what are the main arteries which supply the abdominal wall

A
31
Q

what are the functions of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

A
32
Q

what are the functions of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

A
33
Q

how are the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles involved in breathing

A
34
Q

what is the significance of the dermatome distribution of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A
35
Q

describe the nerve innervation of the abdomen (skin and muscles)

A
36
Q

what are the arteries which supply the superior abdominal wall

(deep and superficial)

A
37
Q

what are the arteries which supply the inferior abdominal wall

(deep and superficial)

A
38
Q

what are the arteries which supply the lateral abdominal wall

A
39
Q

describe the venous drainage of the abdominal wall

A
40
Q

describe the venous drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A
41
Q

what are the peritoneal folds of the abdomen

where are they

what do they cover

A
42
Q

what are the peritoneal fossae of the abdomen

where are they

what do they cover

A
43
Q
A

can be divided into 4 quadrants or 9 regions

BRS2 - Anatomy Abdo (5 decks)

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