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BRS2 - Anatomy Abdo > Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum 4 DR > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum 4 DR Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pelvic girdle

A
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2
Q

what is the function of the pelvic girdle

A

primary functions:

bear the weight of upper body when sitting + standing

transfer the weight of body from axial to lower appendicular skeleton for standing + walking

provide attachment for muscles of locomotion, posture and abdominal wall muscles → needs to be able to withstand the force generated by their actions → pelvic girdle is strong and rigid

other functions:

contain and protect pelvic viscera (inferior parts of urinary tract + reproductive organs) and inferior abdominal viscera (intestines) whilst permitting the passage of their terminal parts (and fetus) via perineum

support abdominopelvic viscera and pregnant uterus

provide attachemnt for erectile bodies of external genitalia

provide attachment for muscles + membranes that form the pelvic floor

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3
Q

what bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

3 bones in adults

right and left hip bones - made up of ilium, ischium, pubis fused together

sacrum - formed by fusion of 5 originally separate vertebrae

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4
Q

where do each of the bones begin and end in pelvic girdle

A
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5
Q

what are the palpable landmarks of the iliac bone

A
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6
Q

what are the joints which make up the pelvic girdle

A

right and left hip bones joined by pubic symphysis (fibrocartilaginous)

right and left hip bones join with sacrum at sacro-iliac joint (synovial)

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7
Q

what are the different parts of the ilium

A
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8
Q

what are the different parts of the ischium

A
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9
Q

what are the different parts of the pubis

A
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10
Q

how is the pelvis divided

A

greater and lesser

separated by pelvic inlet (bony edges of pelvic inlet = pelvic brim)

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11
Q

what is the pelvic brim

what forms it

A
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11
Q

what is the pelvic brim

what are the borders of it

A
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12
Q
A

greater and lesser

separated by pelvic inlet (bony edges of pelvic inlet = pelvic brim)

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13
Q

what is the difference between the pelvic inlet and outlet

A
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14
Q

what are the borders of the pelvic outlet

A
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15
Q

where is the greater/false pelvis

what are its borders

what does it contain

A
16
Q

where is the lesser/true pelvis

what are its borders

what does it contain

A
17
Q

how does the true pelvic cavity relate to the perineum

A
18
Q

describe the orientation of the pelvic girdle

A
19
Q

what is the sacral promontory

A
20
Q

what is the sciatic notch

A
21
Q

what are the differences between the male and female pelvis

A

female pelvis is:

wider and broader but lighter in weight

oval shaped pelvic inlet compared to heart shaped in men

less prominent ischial spines → greater bispinous diameter

larger angle of sub-pubic arch

shorter more curved sacrum + less pronounced sacral promontory

22
Q

what are the differences between the male and female pelvis

A

female pelvis is:

wider and broader but lighter in weight

oval shaped pelvic inlet compared to heart shaped in men

less prominent ischial spines → greater bispinous diameter

larger angle of sub-pubic arch

shorter more curved sacrum + less pronounced sacral promontory

23
Q

what are the primary joints of the pelvic girdle

what is their function

A

sacroiliac joints

pubic symphysis

other joints - sacrococcygeal and lumbosacral joint

all supported + strengthened by ligaments

24
Q

what is the significance of the sacral-iliac joints

how are they unique compared to other similar joints

A

connect the axial skeleton to the inferior appendicular skeleton - transmits weight from vertebral column to hip bone

synovial joint but has much more limited mobility compared to other synovial joints → because they have to transmit so much bodyweight onto hip bones

25
Q

what ligaments support the sacro-iliac joints

where do they attach

A

anterior sacro-iliac ligament - thin ligament between sacrum and iliac joint

posterior sacro-iliac ligament -

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

sacrospinous ligament - between sacrum and ischial spine

sacrotuberous ligament - between sacrum and ischial tuberosity

sacrospinous ligament is anterior and medial to sacrotuberous

26
Q

how is the sciatic notch divided

A

divided by sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments (which stabilise sacro-iliac joint) into greater and lesser sciatic foramen

27
Q

what is the structure of the pubic symphysis

A

fibrocartilaginous interpubic disc between the bodies of the pubic bones

supported by ligaments

28
Q

how does the pubic symphysis vary between sexes

A

interpubic disc is generally wider in women

29
Q

what ligaments support the pubic symphysis

A

superior pubic ligament

inferior pubic ligament

decussating fibres of tendinous attachment of rectus abdominis and external oblique also strengthen pubic symphysis anteriorly

30
Q

what are the lumbosacral joints

A

articulations between L5 and S1

intervertebral joint - formed by intervertebral disc between their bodies

joints between inferior articular processes of L5 and facets of S1

strengthened by fan-like iliolumbar ligaments radiating from from transverse processes of L5 to ilia

31
Q

what is the sacrococcygeal joint

A

joint between apex of sacrum and base of coccyx - fibrocartilaginous

stabilised by anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

32
Q

which parts of the abdominopelvic cavity are the best protected

why

A

superior - protected by ribcage

inferior - protected by pelvis

33
Q

what part of the abdominopelvic cavity is the pelvic cavity

what does the pelvic cavity contain

A

funnel shaped

inferior and posterior section

pelvic viscera:
terminal parts of ureter
bladder
genital organs
blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

“overflow” abdominal viscera:
loops of small intestine - mainly ileum
loops of large intestine - appendix and transverse and/or sigmoid colon

34
Q

what are the borders of the pelvic cavity

A

inferior border - pelvic diaphragm (group of muscles + their fascia)

superior border - pelvic inlet

anteroinferior wall - pubic symphisis and pubis bones

lateral walls - right and left hip bones + obturator internus

posterior wall - inferiormost/apex part of sacrum + coccyx + piriformis

superior part of sacrum forms posterior-superior wall of pelvic cavity

35
Q

what is important to note about the inferior border of the pelvic cavity

A
36
Q

what is the significance of the pelvic floor attachments

A

they attach in the pelvic cavity (above the pelvic outlet), but descends below the pelvic outlet → forms bowl like floor to the cavity

BRS2 - Anatomy Abdo (5 decks)

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