Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Part 2 DR

Question 1

describe the structure of the peritoneum

Answer 1

visceral - lines organs

parietal - lines the internal abdominopelvic wall

both layers are single layers of simple squamous epithelium

Question 2

describe the blood and nerve supply of the visceral peritoneum

what sensation is it sensitive to

Question 3

describe the blood and nerve supply of the parietal peritoneum

what sensation is it sensitive to

Question 4

describe the relationship of the organs to peritoneum

Answer 4

intraperitoneal

retroperitoneal

subperitoneal

extraperitoneal

Question 5

what is peritoneal fluid

where is it found

what is its function

Question 6

how does the peritoneal cavity differ in males vs females

what is the clinical significance of this

Question 7

how does the growth rate of the gut compare to growth of the body embryologically

what is the impact of this

Question 8

how are intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs formed embryologically

Question 9

how are viscera connected to the abdominal wall

Question 10

what are the properties of an organ which determine whether they have intra or retroperitoneal (embryologically)

Question 11

what is the difference between retroperitoneal and secondary retroperitoneal

Question 12

what is the clinical implication of organs being secondarily retroperitoneal

Answer 12

toldt fascia

Question 13

why is the peritoneum highly folded

Question 14

what is mesentery

what is its function

Question 15

how are is mesentery named

Question 16

what is omentum

Question 17

what are the attachments of the greater omentum

Question 18

what are the attachments of the lesser omentum

Question 19

what is a peritoneal ligament

Question 20

what are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver

Answer 20

falciform ligament

continuous parts of lesser omentum

Question 21

what are the peritoneal ligaments of the stomach

Answer 21

continuous parts of greater omentum

Question 22

what are bare areas

why are they necessary

what dictates their location

Question 23

what are the peritoneal folds

Question 24

what are peritoneal fossa

Question 25

how is the peritoneal cavity divided

Answer 25

greater peritoneal sac - everything not in lesser sac lesser peritoneal sac (omental bursa) - space behind lesser omentum, inbetween posterior stomach and anterior kidney communicate via epiploic foramen greater sac further divided into supra colic infra colic - separated by mesentery of transverse colon, communicate through paracolic gutters infra colic - separated into left and right by mesentery of small intestine

Question 26

describe the extent of the omental bursa

Answer 26

superior recess - limited by diaphragm and coronary ligament of liver inferior recess - between greater omentum folds

Question 27

what is the function of the omental bursa

Answer 27

allows stomach to move freely on structures inferior and posterior to it

Question 28

where is the epiploic foramen what are its borders

Answer 28

posterior to free edge of lesser omentum (where the hepatoduodenal ligament is) anterior border - hepatoduodenal ligament posterior - IVC (covered with peritoneum) superior - liver inferior - first part of duodenum

Question 29

what is the foregut, midgut, hindgut

Answer 29

all branches of abdominal aorta foregut - coeliac axis midgut - superior mesenteric hindgut - inferior mesenteric

Question 30

what makes up the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 30

oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and large intestine (cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal)

Question 31

what is the blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 31

from abdominal aorta: foregut - coeliac axis midgut - superior mesenteric hindgut - inferior mesenteric

Question 32

describe the blood supply coming from coeliac axis

Question 33

describe blood supply coming from superior mesenteric artery

Question 34

describe blood supply coming from inferior mesenteric artery

Question 35

describe venous drainage of GI tract

Question 36

what are the constrictions of the oesophagus

Question 37

describe the muscle changes of the oesophagus

Question 38

what level does the oesophagus enter the stomach

Question 39

describe the blood supply to the liver

Question 40

describe the blood supply to the stomach

Question 41

describe the blood supply to the small intestine

Question 42

describe the blood supply to the large intestine

Answer 43

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