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H&P exam 2 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Situs Inversus Totalis

A

All organs on the opposite side of the body

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2
Q

Dextrocardia

A

Situs Inversus Totalis (organs flipped to other side) but involving only the heart

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3
Q

The 9 regions of the abdomen

A
  1. Epigastric
  2. Umbilical
  3. Hypogastric (suprapubic)
  4. R hypochondriac
  5. L hypochondriac
  6. R lumbar
  7. L lumbar
  8. R inguinal
  9. L inguinal
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4
Q

What organs to consider in the RUQ

A

Liver

gallbladder

duodenum

(pancreatic head)

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5
Q

What organs to consider in the RLQ

A

Cecum

appendix

right ovary and tube

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6
Q

What organs to consider in the LUQ

A

Stomach

spleen

pancreas

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7
Q

What organs to consider in the LLQ

A

Sigmoid colon

left ovary and tube

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8
Q

What organs to consider in the epigastrium?

A

Stomach

pancreas

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9
Q

Order of abdominal exam

A
  1. Inspect
  2. Auscultate
  3. Percuss
  4. Palpate
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10
Q

Special tests- test for ascites

A

Shifting dullness

fluid wave

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11
Q

Special test for peritoneal signs associated with appendicitis

A

Rosving’s sign

Psoas sign

Obturator sign

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12
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

Special test for gallbladder inflammation

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13
Q

What side do you stand on during an abdominal exam

A

The patients right side

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14
Q

What does percussion assess?

A

Size and density of organs

areas of tenderness

presence of solid/fluid vs air

distribution of air (ex bowel obstruction)

organomegaly

masses

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15
Q

How to percuss for liver size

A

upper border: start at 4th ICS percuss down

Lower border: start at umbilicus at MCL and percuss up

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16
Q

What palpable size of the aorta suggests a AAA?

A

>3cm

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17
Q

Encarcerated hernia

A

no pain, not reducible

18
Q

strangulated hernia

A

+pain, not reducible

emergency**

19
Q

What does an acute abdomen usually result from?

A

bowel obstruction or peritonitis

20
Q

Mechanical bowel obstruction vs ileus

A

mechanical- results from

a physical barrier

Ileus- due to bowel not functioning properly but no barrier in the way

21
Q

Renal calculi

A

kidney stones

22
Q

Common cause of pain in the LLQ

A

Diverticulitis (inflamed/infected diverticulum of the colon)

23
Q

diverticulum

A

Abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of the alimentary tract

24
Q

visceral pain

A

when organs (ex: intestine, biliary tree) contract forcefully or distend or stretch abnormally

Quality: gnawingk, burning, cramping, aching

25
Q

Parietal abdominal pain

A

peritonitis

inflammation of the parietal peritoneum

movement increases pain

26
Q

Referred pain to the back

A

could be caused by pancreas, ulcer or GB

27
Q

Possible causes of referred right shoulder or scapula pain

A

GB, biliary tree

28
Q

what causes severe constant pain

A

pancreatitis

29
Q

what causes pain that is steady and gradual in onset

A

Appendicitis, cholecystitis

30
Q

What causes intermittent (colicky) pain?

A

Mechanical small bowel obstruction

31
Q

What causes severe colicky pain

A

ureteral stone

32
Q

Purple striae

A

indicates cushings dz and steroid use

normal colored/white striae= stretch marks

33
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

Discoloration over the umbilicus

34
Q

Grey Turner’s sign

A

Ecchymosis over the flanks

35
Q

Diastasis recti

A

separation of rectus abdominus

check by asking pt to lift up neck

36
Q

increased peristaltic activity

A

may be seen with bowel obstruction or gastroenteritis

can be normal

37
Q

borborygmi

A

loud, active bowel sounds

38
Q

What do hyperactive bowel sounds indicate?

A

early peritonitis

early bowel obstruction

gastroenteritis

39
Q

high pitched, tinkling bowel sounds

A

early bowel obstruction

intestinal fluid under pressure

40
Q

ileus

A

little to no bowel sounds

Peritonitis starts as hyperactive and then can progress to ileus

41
Q

what are the possible causes of hepatomegaly?

A

cirrhosis

hepatitis

abscess

cyst

CHF

tumor

H&P exam 2 (6 decks)

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