Abdomen

Question 1

In infants, the abdominal wall is

Answer 1

thinner, easier to palpate organs

Question 2

In infants the kidney

Answer 2

takes up more space in the abdomen

Question 3

The infant’s bladder is

Answer 3

higher up in the abdomen

Question 4

gastrointestinal motility in the pregnant woman is

Answer 4

decreased, with a prolonged gastric emptying time

Question 5

salivation in the aging adult

Answer 5

decreases

Question 6

esophageal emptying in the aging adult

Answer 6

is delayed, resulting in an increased risk for aspiration if fed in the supine postion

Question 7

gastric acid secretion in aging

Answer 7

decreases. May cause pernicious anemia by interfering with vitamin b12 absorption, iron deficiency anemia, and malabsorption of calcium

Question 8

the incidence of gallstones in aging adults

Answer 8

increases- occurs in 10-20% of middle age and older adults

Question 9

Rome III criteria for constipation

Answer 9

1. <3 bowel movements per week
2. straining
3. lumpy or hard stool
4. feeling of incomplete evacuation and anorectal blockage

Question 10

Common causes of constipation include

Answer 10

1. Decreased physical activity
2. Low fiber intake
3. inadequate water intake
4. side effects of medications
5. irritable bowel syndrome
6. bowel obstruction
7. hypothyroidism
8. inadequate toilet facilities

Question 11

Visceral pain

Answer 11

dull, general, and poorly localized

Question 12

Parietal pain

Answer 12

inflammatory, sharp, localized, aggravated by movement

Question 13

What to ask about N/V

Answer 13

How often?
Contents?
Odor?
Fever/Chiils?
Diarrhea?
Pain?
Eating/travel past 24 hours?

Question 14

What to ask about bowel habits

Answer 14

frequency
color
consistency
diarrhea/constipation
laxative use

Question 15

What to ask about past abdominal hx

Answer 15

ulcer
GB disease
hepatitis/jaundice
appendicitis
colitis
hernia
surgery
x-rays

Question 16

overweight child subjective data

Answer 16

diet pattern
family’s eating pattern
body image

Question 17

adolescent subjective data

Answer 17

breakfast
eating pattern/habits
exercise pattern
weight loss
body image
menstrual irregularity

Question 18

aging adult subject data abdomen

Answer 18

1. How do you get groceries and make meals?
2. Do you eat alone or with others?
3. 7 day diet recall
4. How often do you have BMS?
5. Medications (dry mouth)?

Question 19

Contour of the stomach may be

Answer 19

flat
scaphoid
protuberant
rounded

Question 20

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

Answer 20

hard nodule in umbilicus that occurs with metastatic cancer of stomach, large intestine, ovary, or pancreas

Question 21

umbilicus is enlarged and everted with

Answer 21

umbilical hernia

Question 22

Marked pulsation of the aorta occurs with

Answer 22

widened pulse pressure- hypertension, aortic insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis, aortic aneurysm

Question 23

marked visible peristalsis with a distended abdomen indicates

Answer 23

peristalsis

Question 24

hyperactive bowel sounds

Answer 24

loud, high pitched, rushing, tinkling

Question 25

hypoactive bowel sounds

Answer 25

follow abdominal surgery or inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 26

Normal bowel sounds occur how often?

Answer 26

3-30 times/minute

Question 27

systolic bruit occurs with

Answer 27

stenosis or occlusion of an artery

Question 28

What percentage of healthy people normally have a bruit originating from the celiac artery?

Answer 28

4-20%

Question 29

Where to auscultate for bruits

Answer 29

over aorta, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries

Question 30

CVAT

Answer 30

indirect fist percussion over 12th rib at the DVA

Question 31

Light palpation-

Answer 31

1st four fingers gentle rotary motion slide fingers and skin together depress 1cm

Question 32

Deep palpation

Answer 32

depress 5-8cm

Question 33

In a large or obese abdomen, use

Answer 33

bimanual technique for palpation

Question 34

dull note on the anterior axillary near spleen line indicates

Answer 34

splenomegaly, as in mononucleosis, malaria, or hepatic cirrhosis

Question 35

involuntary rigidity

Answer 35

Constant, boardlike hardness of the muscles that occurs with peritonitis.

Question 36

Thinner abdominal musculature in aging adult may result in

Answer 36

Visible peristalsis | Organs easier to palpate, including liver and kidneys

Question 37

The liver in the aging adult is

Answer 37

Lower, 1-2cm below costal margin with inhalation

Question 38

In acute abdominal conditions in the aging adult

Answer 38

Patient complains of less pain | Abdominal rigidity is less common