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Olivia MD anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what defines the midgut?

A

2nd part of the duodenum to two thirds of the way towards the transverse colon

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2
Q

what defines the arcuate line?

A

above the arcuate line- rectus abdominus is surrounded by the aponeurotic parts of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominus.
Below the arcuate line, all the aponeurotic parts of those muscles pass in front of rectus abdominus, and only transversalis fascia lines the back of rectus abdominus

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3
Q

what is normal oesophagus histopathology?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

what is the rectus sheath and what does it contain?

A

fascial sheath containing rectus abdominus muscle, superior and inferior epigastric vessels, lymphatics, ventral rami T7-L1

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5
Q

describe the semilunar line

A

lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle in the rectus sheath

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6
Q

what dermatome is the umbilicus?

A

T10

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7
Q

what are the two types of superficial fascia in the abdomen? which is deeper?

A

Fatty Camper’s fascia then deeper membranous Scarpa’s fascia

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8
Q

what are the two parts of the peritoneum?

A

visceral and [arietal

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9
Q

what are the two attachments of rectus abdominus?

A

pubic symphysis inferiorly and xiphoid process superiorly

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10
Q

Name the muscles that make up the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
rectus abdominus

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11
Q

where is the transversus abdominus muscle in relation to the other abdominal muscles

A

deeper to internal and external oblique

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12
Q

where does the superficial epigastric artery arise from?

A

arises from the femoral artery and course towards the umbilicus

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13
Q

Where does the SUPERIOR epigastric artery arise from?

A

arises from the terminal end of the internal thoracic artery and anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery at the level of the umbilicus

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14
Q

where does the INFERIOR epigastric artery arise from?

A

arises from the external iliac artery

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15
Q

what is a spigelian hernia?

A

hernia at the linear semilunaris

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16
Q

what is a congenital problem that can predispose a male to inguinal hernias?

A

incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis (patent processes vaginalis)

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17
Q

what are the 3 main layers of the spermatic cord?

A

external spermatic fascia
Cremasteric middle spermatic fasicia
internal spermatic fascia

-all derived from muscles of the abdominal wall

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18
Q

where is the deep inguinal ring?

A

outpouching of the transversalis fascia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

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19
Q

where is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

20
Q

describe the inguinal Hasselbach’s triangle. what is its clinical significance?

A

Direct inguinal hernias pass through the inguinal Hessalbach’s triangle.

Demarcated internally by the inferior epigastric vessels laterally, the rectus abdominus muscle medially, and the inguinal ligament inferiorly

21
Q

what defines an intraperitoneal organ?

A

an organ suspended by a mesentery (double layer of peritoneum) within the abdominal cavity

22
Q

what is the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A

an irregular part of the peritoneal cavity that forms a space posterior to the stomach and anterior to the retroperitoneal pancreas. It communicates with the greater sac by the epiploic foramen of Winslow

23
Q

where does the greater omentum hang off?

A

hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach, before folding back and attaching to the transverse colon

24
Q

what constitutes the portal triad?

A

hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
common hepatic artery

25
Q

which part of the small intestine is retroperitoneal?

A

duodenum. the ileum and jejunum are suspended by a mesentery

26
Q

what are the features of the jejunum which distinguishes it from the ileum?

A

-occupies the LUQ of the abdomen
-larger in diameter
- mesentery has less fat
- walls are thicker
arterial branches have fewer arcades na longer vasa recta
- internally have mucosal folds that increase the SA for absorption

27
Q

which part of the large intestine is retroperitoneal?

A

ascending and descending

28
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

29
Q

where is the major duodenal papilla?

A

in the 2nd part of the duodenum

30
Q

what tethers the the spleen to the stomach and to the left kidney?

A

spleen is tethered to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament and the left kidney by the splenorenal ligament

31
Q

where does the coeliac, SMA and IMA arise from?

A

abdominal aorta

32
Q

what defines the foregut?

A

gives rise to the oesophagus to the pancreas

33
Q

what defines the hindgut?

A

distal third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and proximal anal canal

34
Q

what are the 3 main arteries that arise off the coeliac trunk?

A

common hepatic
splenic
left gastric

35
Q

where does the coeliac trunk arise from the Ab.aorta?

A

immediately inferior to the diaphragm

36
Q

where does the SMA arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

a fingers breadth below the coeliac trunk

37
Q

what are the branches of the SMA?

A 
inferior pancreatosuduodenal artery
middle colic artery
right colic artery
ileocolic artery 
branches within the mesentery supplying jejunum and ileum
38
Q

where does the IMA arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

arise at the level of L3

39
Q

what branches come off the IMA?

A

left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

40
Q

in the abdomen, which is left or right- arteries or veins?

A

arteries to the left

veins to the right

41
Q

what are the two key veins which drain the SMA and IMA respectively?

A

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein respectively

42
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

psoas major and minor
iliacus
quadratus lumborum

43
Q

what are the layers that cover the kidneys?

A

renal capsule (thick fibroconnective tissue layer)
perinephric fat
renal fascia

44
Q

what demarcates the start and end of abdominal aorta?

A

START- T12 aortic hiatus through the diaphragm

END- L4 division into common iliac arteries

45
Q

at which level does the IVC pierce the level of the diaphragm?

A

T8

46
Q

name the nerves that make up the lumbar plexus?

A 
Iliohypogastric L1
ilioinguinal L1
genitofemoral L1-L2
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh L2-L3
Femoral nerve L2-L4
Obturator nerve L2-L4

Olivia MD anatomy (11 decks)

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