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Anatomy > Abdomen 3 > Flashcards

Abdomen 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Retroperitoneum

A

Located in the posterior abdominal cavity

Not suspended in the mesentery

Between the parietal peritoneum and the muscular fascia:
Diaphragmatic fascia (supriorly)
Psoas, quadratus lumborum(posteriorly)
Transversalis fascia (laterally)

Split into the borders, visceral and vascular contents

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2
Q

ANTERIOR PARARENAL

A

Head, neck, and body of the pancreas (not the tail)
Ascending and descending colon
Duodenum

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3
Q

PERIRENAL

A

Kidneys
Adrenals
Ureters
Renal Vessels

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4
Q

POSTERIOR PARARENAL

A

No major organs

Fat, vasculature and lymphatics

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5
Q

Pancreas

A 
Head- lies within the C-shaped curve of duodenum
Uncinate process- posterior to SMA/SMV
Neck- anterior to SMA/SMV
Body- lies behind stomach 
Tail- Intraperitoneal
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6
Q

Pancreas blood supply

A

The pancreas is supplied by numerous arteries.

Each artery supplies a specific part of the pancreas
Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
Pancreaticoduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery

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7
Q

Kidneys surface anatomy

A

VERTEBRAE: Extends from T12-L3

RIBS:
Superior pole of right kidney anterior to 12th rib
Superior pole of left kidney anterior to 11th/12 rib

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8
Q

Kidneys enclosed by

A

Renal Capsule- fibrous capsule

Perinephric fat

Renal Fascia- membranous fascia which encloses the kidneys and adrenal glands and fuses with the transversalis fascia laterally and the diaphragmatic fascia superiorly

Paranephric fat- posterolateral to kidneys (forms the posterior paranephric space)

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9
Q

Kidney structure

A

Outermost layer - Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla- segregated into triangles (renal pyramids)
Apex of renal pyramids form the papillae

Papillae - Minor calyces - Major calyces - Renal pelvis - Ureter

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10
Q

Renal Vasculature

A

Arterial Supply: Renal arteries (anterior and posterior)
Left renal artery is higher
Right renal artery is longer + posterior to IVC
Line of Brodel - supplied by both anterior and posterior - surgical access

Venous Supply: Renal veins

Lymphatic drainage: Para-aortic nodes

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11
Q

Ureters

A

3 constrictions of the ureters:
Pelviureteric junction (PUJ)
Pelvic brim- common iliac vessels cross the ureter
Vesicoureteric junction

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12
Q

Spleen surface anatomy

A

LEFT SIDE

Follows the contour of rib X
Superior border: Rib IX
Inferior border: Rib XI
Medial border: Lateral border of psoas
Lateral border: Just posterior to MAL
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13
Q

Spleen

A

Location in the LUQ under the diaphragm + ribcage

Connected to the stomach and kidney by the greater omentum
Gastrosplenic ligament - Short gastric vessels and left gastroepiploic
Splenorenal ligament - Splenic artery, Splenic vein, Tail of pancreas

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14
Q

Spleen structure

A 
The outer surface is divided into two:
Diaphragmatic surface (smooth)
Visceral surface (has notches)

Hilum of Spleen on visceral surface- entry point for splenic vessels

ARTERIAL SUPPLY: splenic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk
VENOUS SUPPLY: splenic vein

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15
Q

Abdominal Aorta

A

3 Unpaired arteries: Coeliac Trunk, SMA, IMA

5 Paired arteries: Inferior Phrenic, Adrenal, Renal, Gonadal and Lumbar arteries

3 Terminal arteries: Right and Left common iliac arteries, median sacral artery

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16
Q

Pelvic Vasculature

A

At L4 the abdominal aorta BiFOURcates to the form the common iliac arteries

The common iliac artery divides into the:
Internal Iliac artery: supplies the pelvis and perineum
External Iliac artery: supplies the lower limbs

17
Q

Internal iliac artery branches

A 
Anterior trunk:
Inferior Gluteal artery
Internal Pudendal artery
Inferior + superior vesical artery
Middle rectal artery
Vaginal artery
Obturator artery
Umbilical artery + Uterine artery

Posterior trunk:
Iliolumbar artery
Lateral Sacral
Superior Gluteal Artery

Other:
Median Sacral artery (terminal)
Gonadal arteries

18
Q

The systemic venous system

A

returns blood to the heart via the IVC

Common iliac veins
Gonadal veins
Renal Veins
Suprarenal veins
Hepatic Veins
19
Q

Lymphatics

A

RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODES:
PRE-AORTIC: drains lymph from midline structures (pancreas and liver)
PARA-AORTIC: drains lymph from bilateral structures (kidneys, adrenals, gonads)
Both drain into the cisterna chyli

ILIAC LYMPH NODES
Internal Iliac nodes
External Iliac nodes

INGUINAL LYMPH NODES
Deep inguinal nodes
Superficial inguinal nodes

20
Q

Nerves of pancreas

A

Vagus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves.

21
Q

Nerves of spleen

A

Coeliac trunk

22
Q

Nerves of kidney, ureter and suprarenal glands

A

Renal nerve plexus

The rich nerve supply of the suprarenal glands is from the celiac plexus and abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, and least) splanchnic nerves.

Anatomy (8 decks)

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