Abdomen 1

Question 1

Inguinal ligament made up of

Answer 1

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 2

Inguinal ligament from

Answer 2

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 3

Rectus sheath formed from

Answer 3

Three lateral muscles (external and internal oblique, Transversus abdominis)

Anterior - eo and half of io
Posterior - half of io and ta

Question 4

Line where all aponeurosis in front of Rectus abdominis

Answer 4

Arcuate line

Midway of umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Question 5

Beneath Transversus abdominis

Answer 5

Transversalis fascia

Question 6

Linea alba

Answer 6

Aponeurosis of all three muscles

From xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

Question 7

Sides of Rectus abdominis

Answer 7

Linea semilunaris

Question 8

Superficial fascia

Answer 8

Fatty - camper’s fascia
Loses fat over penis and fuse with deep membranous layer to form part of scrotum

Non fatty - Scarpa’s fascia
Ligament in penis - fundiform ligament

Question 9

Innervation of abdominal wall

Answer 9

T7-12 and L1

Visceral peritoneum no somatic innervation - poor localosation

Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves

Question 10

Function during respiration

Answer 10

Relax in inspiration - diaphragm contract - abdominal viscera down

Contract in expiration - assist with defecation, child birth, urination

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

Superior and inferior epigastric artery - enter Rectus sheath and anastomose

Lateral wall supplied by 10th and 11th intercostal artery, Subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery

Veins parallel arteries

Question 12

Lymphatics

Answer 12

Superficial - above umbilicus - axillary nodes
Superficial - below umbilicus - superficial inguinal nodes
Deep - external iliac, common iliac, right and left lumbar (canal and aortic) lymph nodes

Question 13

Inguinal canal located

Answer 13

Above and parallel to inguinal ligament

Question 14

Inguinal canal start and finish

Answer 14

Start at deep inguinal ring - 4cm - end at superficial inguinal ring

Question 15

Inguinal canal content

Answer 15

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Spermatic cord/round ligament of uterus

Question 16

Deep inguinal ring formed from

Answer 16

Transversalis fascia above midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis (mid inguinal point)

Superficial inguinal ring is superior to pubic tubercle

Question 17

Borders of inguinal canal

Answer 17

Anterior - external oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique (lateral third)

Floor - rolled inferior edge of external oblique - inguinal ligament

Roof - arching fibres of internal oblique and transverse abdominis and medially conjoint tendon

Posterior - Transversalis fascia and medially conjoint tendon

Question 18

Hernia

Answer 18

Organ protrude through wall of cavity containing it

Question 19

Hesselbach’s triangle border

Answer 19

Lateral - inferior epigastric artery
Medial - Rectus abdominis
Inferior - inguinal ligament

Question 20

Direct hernia

Answer 20

Acquired

Through Hesselbach’s triangle

Peritoneal sac which enter inguinal canal directly through weakened posterior wall

Above and medial to pubic tubercle

Question 21

Indirect hernia

Answer 21

Congenital

More common especially in men

Part of processus vaginalis remains open (embryonic outpouching)

Hernia sac enter through deep inguinal ligament

Just lateral to inferior epigastric artery

Above and media, to pubic tubercle

Question 22

Femoral hernia

Answer 22

Through femoral canal lateral to pubic tubercle

Irreducible (cannot be pushed down)

More common in women and elderly

Below and lateral to pubic tubercle