Abdo Introduction Flashcards
Layers of artery (inside - outside)
Tunica:
Intima
Media
Externa (adventitia)
What is an aneurysm?
Outpouching/ increased size of blood vessels (typically arteries).
What is the MAXIMUM normal size of aorta?
25mm
What is another name for berry aneurysm?
saccular
what is a saccular aneurysm ?
Sac-like bulging.
common is cerebral vasculature.
What is a fusiform aneurysm?
how does it occur?
Aneurysm in a longer structure …. due to tearing of tunica intima.
Two types of aneurysms
fusiform and saccular
What is an AAA??
What can be a radiographic sign?
Best imaging modality?
Patient presentation
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Psoas mm. obliterated UNILATERALLY. Due to outpouring of blood down one side of aorta.
CT angio.
Patient has a clinical history of hypotension but is presenting with tachycardia.
What is an aortic dissection?
separation of tunica intima and media due to false lumen.
What is a type of AAA that can occur in older patients?
calcified AAA.
calcified ring around aorta on CT or lines on plain film.
loss of elasticity predisposes to burst aneurysm.
Why can free air in abdo be dangerous?
if Internal puncture then faecal matter from bowel may be getting into peritoneum.
Decompression of air can affected lungs.
what is FAST scanning?
Focused
Assessment
with Sonography
in Trauma
how does FAST scanning work?
Examine 4 areas for free fluid:
Perihepatic & hepato renal space.
Perisplenic
Pelvis
Pericardium
common MOI for blunt abdo trauma?
MVA, assault
Where does spleen sit?
under L hemidiaphragm
Why is a ruptured spleen dangerous
what scan is typically used?
MOI?
Spleen during trauma may hold up to 1/4L of blood. This holding of blood only exasperates the situation
FAST
Pushbike handle bar to left abdo region
What does hypovolemic meaning?
losing blood
MOI for ruptured bladder/urethra
Examination used?
Radiographic sign?
Straddle # and damage from free flaoting bone.
Cystogram or urethrogram.
Radiolusencenses within CM (due to gas being trapped)
Common pathway for penetrative abdo trauma?
CT angio
Where does VP shunt travel to and from
Ventricles to peritoneal cavitiy
Shunt series projections
Lat of cranial vault and as much as cervical spine as poss.
PA/AP CXR
abdo xray : HB or VB.
what is a fistula?
an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.
imaging for a fistula?
fistula-gram or sinogram
Why may a fistula be a contraindication for a CM abdo?
if its a tracheoesphageal fistula then barium cant be used.
mechanisms that cause a fistula?
Developmental, adhesion tearing or CANCER
Can occur in women betweeen rectum and vagina.
What is a sinus?
Abdonrmal hole.
what is a sinogram?
CM injected into sinus. this helps quantify depth and location of cavity.
a sinus can develop into a fistula.
