Abdo Introduction

Question 1

Layers of artery (inside - outside)

Answer 1

Tunica:

Intima
Media
Externa (adventitia)

Question 2

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 2

Outpouching/ increased size of blood vessels (typically arteries).

Question 3

What is the MAXIMUM normal size of aorta?

Answer 3

25mm

Question 4

What is another name for berry aneurysm?

Answer 4

saccular

Question 5

what is a saccular aneurysm ?

Answer 5

Sac-like bulging.

common is cerebral vasculature.

Question 6

What is a fusiform aneurysm?

how does it occur?

Answer 6

Aneurysm in a longer structure …. due to tearing of tunica intima.

Question 7

Two types of aneurysms

Answer 7

fusiform and saccular

Question 8

What is an AAA??

What can be a radiographic sign?

Best imaging modality?

Patient presentation

Answer 8

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Psoas mm. obliterated UNILATERALLY. Due to outpouring of blood down one side of aorta.

CT angio.

Patient has a clinical history of hypotension but is presenting with tachycardia.

Question 9

What is an aortic dissection?

Answer 9

separation of tunica intima and media due to false lumen.

Question 10

What is a type of AAA that can occur in older patients?

Answer 10

calcified AAA.

calcified ring around aorta on CT or lines on plain film.

loss of elasticity predisposes to burst aneurysm.

Question 11

Why can free air in abdo be dangerous?

Answer 11

if Internal puncture then faecal matter from bowel may be getting into peritoneum.

Decompression of air can affected lungs.

Question 12

what is FAST scanning?

Answer 12

Focused
Assessment
with Sonography
in Trauma

Question 13

how does FAST scanning work?

Answer 13

Examine 4 areas for free fluid:

Perihepatic & hepato renal space.
Perisplenic
Pelvis
Pericardium

Question 14

common MOI for blunt abdo trauma?

Answer 14

MVA, assault

Question 15

Where does spleen sit?

Answer 15

under L hemidiaphragm

Question 16

Why is a ruptured spleen dangerous

what scan is typically used?

MOI?

Answer 16

Spleen during trauma may hold up to 1/4L of blood. This holding of blood only exasperates the situation

FAST

Pushbike handle bar to left abdo region

Question 17

What does hypovolemic meaning?

Answer 17

losing blood

Question 18

MOI for ruptured bladder/urethra

Examination used?

Radiographic sign?

Answer 18

Straddle # and damage from free flaoting bone.

Cystogram or urethrogram.

Radiolusencenses within CM (due to gas being trapped)

Question 19

Common pathway for penetrative abdo trauma?

Answer 19

CT angio

Question 20

Where does VP shunt travel to and from

Answer 20

Ventricles to peritoneal cavitiy

Question 21

Shunt series projections

Answer 21

Lat of cranial vault and as much as cervical spine as poss.

PA/AP CXR

abdo xray : HB or VB.

Question 22

what is a fistula?

Answer 22

an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.

Question 23

imaging for a fistula?

Answer 23

fistula-gram or sinogram

Question 24

Why may a fistula be a contraindication for a CM abdo?

Answer 24

if its a tracheoesphageal fistula then barium cant be used.

Question 25

mechanisms that cause a fistula?

Answer 25

Developmental, adhesion tearing or CANCER

Can occur in women betweeen rectum and vagina.

Question 26

What is a sinus?

Answer 26

Abdonrmal hole.

Question 27

what is a sinogram?

Answer 27

CM injected into sinus. this helps quantify depth and location of cavity.

a sinus can develop into a fistula.