Abdo GI tute

Question 1

Clinical signs of abdo pathologies:

N
V
D

BNO

Answer 1

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

Bowels Not Open/ Nil flatus (no gas passing through GIT)

Question 2

If patient is experiencing pain with an erect abdo, what other exam could you do?

Answer 2

LLD

Question 3

Acute adbo series

Answer 3

Erect + supine + CXR (if not had one 24hr prior)

Question 4

Why are CXR sometimes handy for abdo pathologies?

Answer 4

some chest pathologies can mimic abdo pathologies.

Question 5

benefits of supine abdo xray?

Answer 5

Shows:

disposition of gas
Displacement of structures
Psoas mm.
calcific changes.

Question 6

What disease can be assessed effectively with small bowel series?

Answer 6

Crohn’s disease

Question 7

What direction does CM flow in large bowel series?

Answer 7

Retrograde

Question 8

Where can an inussusception typically be located?

Answer 8

Ascending colon

Question 9

intersussception radiographic sign

Answer 9

air around bowel as it is in itself

TYPICALLY HAS A CONVEXITY IN THE BOWEL

Question 10

Where can diverticula occur?

what is it?

and what is the radiographic sign?

Answer 10

In either bowel but typically descending and sigmoidal colon.

Its a weakness in the side of the bowel where faecal material can be trapped.. leading to infection

It appears as a filling defect on CT

Question 11

Why cant bowel cancer that is observed on xray be diagnosed as cancer?

Answer 11

Biopsy is needed before a definitive diagnosis can be made

Question 12

Where is bowel cancer most typically observed?

Answer 12

sigmoid colon

Question 13

radiographic sign for bowel cancer

Answer 13

apple core

CT: filling defect during PORTAL VENOUS PHASE

Question 14

Where does a hiatus hernia occur?

Answer 14

Cardiac sphincter and distal oesophagus.

Question 15

What is the radiographic signs of hiatus hernia and who are predisposed to it?

Answer 15

‘Double bubble’ appearance as gas and stomach is shown posterior to the heart. A fluid level may also be observed.

People with GORD

Question 16

Best projection for hiatus hernia?

Answer 16

lateral

Question 17

Which bowel is typically obstructed?

Why is it typically blocked?

What projection is used?

and what can be done to help this patient?

Answer 17

Small (smaller diameter)

Inflammation such as diverticulitis

Horizontal beam (look for 5+ fluid levels)

NG tube to removed blockage (if near duod).

Question 18

What is a volvulus?

where does it typically occur?

what is the radiographic sign

Answer 18

A twisting of the bowel itself which can lead to avascular necrosis.

Commonly occurs at caecum and sigmoid.

Coffee Bean sign

Question 19

Which part of bowel doesnt have haustra pattern?

Answer 19

distal aspects of sigmoid colon (due to smooth muscles)

Question 20

What is an adynamic ilius ?

how does it typically occur and what can be done to treat it?

Answer 20

Lack of peristalsis in bowel

Due to post-surgery.

NG tube to decompress bowel.

Question 21

What is a gallstone ilius

and radiographic sign

Answer 21

Mechanical obstruction of bowel. Stone passes through a fistula before becoming impacted.

Distension with gas, Fluid levels, gallstone density.