Abdo GI tute Flashcards
Clinical signs of abdo pathologies:
N
V
D
BNO
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Bowels Not Open/ Nil flatus (no gas passing through GIT)
If patient is experiencing pain with an erect abdo, what other exam could you do?
LLD
Acute adbo series
Erect + supine + CXR (if not had one 24hr prior)
Why are CXR sometimes handy for abdo pathologies?
some chest pathologies can mimic abdo pathologies.
benefits of supine abdo xray?
Shows:
disposition of gas
Displacement of structures
Psoas mm.
calcific changes.
What disease can be assessed effectively with small bowel series?
Crohn’s disease
What direction does CM flow in large bowel series?
Retrograde
Where can an inussusception typically be located?
Ascending colon
intersussception radiographic sign
air around bowel as it is in itself
TYPICALLY HAS A CONVEXITY IN THE BOWEL
Where can diverticula occur?
what is it?
and what is the radiographic sign?
In either bowel but typically descending and sigmoidal colon.
Its a weakness in the side of the bowel where faecal material can be trapped.. leading to infection
It appears as a filling defect on CT
Why cant bowel cancer that is observed on xray be diagnosed as cancer?
Biopsy is needed before a definitive diagnosis can be made
Where is bowel cancer most typically observed?
sigmoid colon
radiographic sign for bowel cancer
apple core
CT: filling defect during PORTAL VENOUS PHASE
Where does a hiatus hernia occur?
Cardiac sphincter and distal oesophagus.
What is the radiographic signs of hiatus hernia and who are predisposed to it?
‘Double bubble’ appearance as gas and stomach is shown posterior to the heart. A fluid level may also be observed.
People with GORD
Best projection for hiatus hernia?
lateral
Which bowel is typically obstructed?
Why is it typically blocked?
What projection is used?
and what can be done to help this patient?
Small (smaller diameter)
Inflammation such as diverticulitis
Horizontal beam (look for 5+ fluid levels)
NG tube to removed blockage (if near duod).
What is a volvulus?
where does it typically occur?
what is the radiographic sign
A twisting of the bowel itself which can lead to avascular necrosis.
Commonly occurs at caecum and sigmoid.
Coffee Bean sign
Which part of bowel doesnt have haustra pattern?
distal aspects of sigmoid colon (due to smooth muscles)
What is an adynamic ilius ?
how does it typically occur and what can be done to treat it?
Lack of peristalsis in bowel
Due to post-surgery.
NG tube to decompress bowel.
What is a gallstone ilius
and radiographic sign
Mechanical obstruction of bowel. Stone passes through a fistula before becoming impacted.
Distension with gas, Fluid levels, gallstone density.
