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Methods 2B > Abdo Genitourinary > Flashcards

Abdo Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

What does HSG stand for?

A

Hystersalpingogram

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2
Q

What is a HSG for?

A

to examine patency of fallopian tubes.

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3
Q

What CM is used for SG and what is the name of the spillage of CM into pelvic cavitiy

A

Iodinated

Extravasation

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4
Q

What is the alternate examination for HSG

A

HyCoSy

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5
Q

What is typical presentation for testicular US?

What has typically occurred?

Why is it a priority?

A

Pain, mass infection or TORSION

twisting of spermatic cord (vas deferences, pampiniform plexus, internal spermatic aa.)

Torsion has at best, a 6 hour window to resolve.

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6
Q

What does KUB stand for in abdominal imaging?

A

KUB abdo = Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder abdo.

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7
Q

What is another name for a nephrogram?

A

coned kidneys

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8
Q

why is a nephrogram used?

A

To reduce dose to reproductive organs

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9
Q

What does IVP stand for?

A

Intravenous Pyelogram

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10
Q

what is an IVP used for?

A

injection of iodine into ureters to asses filling defects in ureter.

No longer relevant as superseded by CT.

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11
Q

What is the alternative to IVP?

A

KUB CT

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12
Q

what does KUB CT examine?

A 
kiidney stones
renal colic (loin to groin pain)
Assess renal function post transplant.
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13
Q

Explain the mitchurating cystogram

A

CM injected into bladder and patient is imaged whilst peeing.
will check for VUJ reflux (vesicoureteric junction)

typically use obliques to better visulaise the VUJ

Can assess retrograde flow through the CUJ and up the uretera.

If residual CM found after urination then can be indicative of UTI.

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14
Q

WHat is loin to groin pain an indication of?

A

kidney stones

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15
Q

WHat is urolithiasis?

A

kidney stones

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16
Q

other than general xray what can be used to assess urolithiasis?

A

low dose KUB CT

17
Q

Name the common kidney abnormalities

A

hypoplastic kidney: Smaller than usual (hypoplaysia).

Dysplastic kidney: Unusual shape (dysplasia)

Horseshoe kidney: kidneys fail to sperate

Crossed renal ectopia: both kidneys on one side.

Ectopic: kidneys fail to ascend and sit in pelvic cavity.

18
Q

what happens to the remaining kidney if one is removed?

A

hypertrophy

19
Q

How can we assess if a bladder stone is trapped?

A

Typically in VUJ.

do a supine and prone series.

20
Q

what is cholelithiasis?

A

Gallstones

21
Q

Which size gallstones are the worst?

A

medium as they are small enough to leave GB but big enough to cause a bloackage,

22
Q

What does ERCP stand for?

A

Endoscopic Retrograde cholangiopancreatography

23
Q

what is investigated and process of an ERCP?

A

Patient is sedated/ twilight sedated and patient is placed into a RPO (right side raised 15 deg)

endoscope is pushed through to duod at the ampulla of vater - sphincter of oddi

catherter pushed into CBD and CM injected to fill ducts and GB..

24
Q

WHy is patient in a RPO in a ERCP?

A

to project HB off the spine.

25
Q

What is a cholelithiais and a choloeodocolithasis?

A

Cholelithiasis = GB stones

-docolithasis = GB stones in CBD

26
Q

Where to postion II for ERCP?

A

so top of II curve is at diaprgam.

27
Q

OTher than gallstones , what other pathology is common during this exam?

A

Carcinoma at head of pancreas which causes decrease functioning of duod and HB system.

28
Q

What is a sphincterotomy and what patient safety needs to occur?

A

Tension wire is heated up and used the cauterise the sphincter and make it larger to allow for easier stone retrieval .

Patient needs to be electrically grounded from the current.

29
Q

What is the balloon dilation retrieval for?

A

small stones / sludge

30
Q

Why may a stent be used in ERCP due to a carcinoma?

A

carcinoma of head of pancreases causes compression of CBD, stent can help keep CBD open.

31
Q

Why may a metal stent be used when vasculature is compressed?

A

so it can be compressed itself , this will cause the stent to bulge out and push the compressing structures away

32
Q

What is a laproscopic cholecystectomy?

A

keyhole surgery to remove GB

33
Q

Why can GB stones cause jaundice?

A

due to inability to remove bile

34
Q

what is cholestasis?

A

Gallstone blocking movement into duod.

35
Q

what can cholestasis cause?

A

retrograde of bile causing cholecystitis.

Methods 2B (8 decks)

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