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a level psycology > (Abby) issues for psychology as a science (cp1) > Flashcards

(Abby) issues for psychology as a science (cp1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a confederate

A

a person who takes part in the research experiment but is not a true participant as they are working with the researcher

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2
Q

what are the 2 reasons to consider issues in psychological research

A
  • to safeguard the interest of the participants
  • society in general has expectations of high standards of moral behaviour from scientists
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3
Q

what is the BPS code of ethics and conduct and what year is it from

A
  • 2009
  • uphold the highest standards of professionalism and promote ethical behaviour, attitudes and judgements
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4
Q

whats the quote you need o know about psychology from the british psychological society

A
  • “psychology works towards the improvement of the human condition”
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5
Q

what is the aim of the BPS code on conduct (2009)

A
  • provide ethical standards which apply to all
  • provides framework for guiding the decision making for all members
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6
Q

what are the 4 principles of the BPS code on conduct (2009)

A
  • respect
  • competence
  • integrity
  • responsibility
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7
Q

why are animals used in psychological research

A
  • difficult to justify research with animals as its not always obvious that it will have a benefit for humans
  • some experiments are deemed unethical to use on humans
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8
Q

what are the similarities between humans and rats

A
  • brain structure
  • neurotransmitters are similar but NOT identical
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9
Q

how are animals “good participants”

A
  • they do not try to understand the purpose of the experiment
  • more controllable
  • highly reliable as its easily replicated
  • faster breading cycles for heredity experiments, nature vs nurture debate
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10
Q

what are some practical applications of animal findings

A
  • training of animal helpers e.g police dogs and guide dogs
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11
Q

what does the the BPS code on conduct (2009) state when conducting research involving animals

A
  • psychologists should observe the highest standards of animal welfare including reduction of any pain or suffering, distress or boredom
  • avoid the infliction of any of these conditions which cannot be strictly justified
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12
Q

what are the eight guidelines for psychologists working with animals

A
  • legislation
  • replacing the use of animals
  • choice of species
  • number of animals
  • procedures
  • procurement of animals
  • animal care
  • disposing of animals
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13
Q

what are the 3 rs

A
  • replacement
  • reduction
  • refinement
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14
Q

what does replacement mean

A
  • animals are replaced with non-animal alternatives wherever possible
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15
Q

what does reduced mean

A
  • the number of animals used is reduced to a minimum
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16
Q

what does refinement mean

A
  • procedures on animals are refined as much as possible to reduce suffering
17
Q

what are the 3 licences needed before testing on animals ?

A

P-ersonal
P-roject
E-stablishment

18
Q

what is a personal licence needed for

A
  • needed by each person carrying out procedures on animals
19
Q

what is a project licence for

A
  • the particular program of research
20
Q

what is an establishment licence needed for

A
  • for the place that the work is carried out
21
Q

what is the animal welfare acts and what year

A
  • (2006)
  • updates the protection of animals (1911) act
22
Q

what is the definition of risk management

A
  • the forecasting and evaluation of ethical risks with the identification of procedures to avoid or minimise their impact
23
Q

what is an ethical dilemma

A
  • a situation in which two moral principles conflict with each other
24
Q

what are the 4 steps in order of the cost-benefit analysis in risk management

A
  • identify the risk
  • assess the risk
  • plan response to risk
  • implement a response
25
Q

what did Bateson propose in 1986

A
  • a cost-benefits model for risk management in the use of animals in psychological research
26
Q

what is inter-observer reliability

A
  • the extent to which different observers produce the same records when they observe the same sequence of behaviour
27
Q

what is internal validity

A

extent to which a test or measure of human behaviour accurately measures what it is suppose to

28
Q

what is concurrent validity

A
  • a way of assessing validity by comparing the results of a measure with another already established measure of the same behaviour
29
Q

what is predictive validity

A
  • refers to how well a test or measure predicts future behaviours
30
Q

what is ecological validity

A
  • the extent to which a research finding obtained in one environment or situation can be generalised to a different environment or situation
31
Q

what is generalisability

A
  • refers to the extent to which finding of a piece of research can be applied beyond the research itself

a level psycology (4 decks)

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