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*ACE's > ABA Part I Keywords > Flashcards

ABA Part I Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Age when closing capacity and FRC equalize in upright position

A

66

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2
Q

Most important reason for increased A-a gradient with aging

A

Increased V-Q mismatch

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of nerve agents

A

Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase causing severe parasympathetic effects.

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4
Q

Most common complication with retrobulbar block

A

Retrobulbar hemorrhage

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5
Q

How to calculate standard error of the mean (SEM) from standard deviation (SD)

A

SEM = SD / (square root of sample size)

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6
Q

Vasopressor of choice for hypotensive aortic stenosis patient

A

Phenylephrine

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7
Q

Pharmacologic strategies for mitral regurgitation

A

Ephedrine, epinephrine, milrinone, dobutamine

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8
Q

Treatment of choice for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

A

Magnesium (polymorphic v tach is torsade de pointes)

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9
Q

Treatment for post CPB hypotension refractory to typical vasopressors

A

Methylene blue

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10
Q

Treatment for unstable SVT

A

Synchronized cardioversion

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11
Q

Periop management of Addison’s disease

A

Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV q24hrs, treatment of hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia

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12
Q

Most common cause of febrile transfusion reaction

A

Recipient antibodies directed against HLA antigens on donor WBCs or platelets

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13
Q

Blood transfusion risk for IgA deficient patient

A

Anaphylaxis

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14
Q

What type of cardiac dysfunction occurs in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A

Cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

EKG changes with a subarachnoid bleed

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

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16
Q

Mechanism of organophosphate toxicity

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, leading to cholinergic crisis

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17
Q

Perioperative risk factors for acute renal failure

A

Age > 59, emergent surgery, chronic liver disease, BMI > 32, high risk surgery, peripheral vascular disease, severe COPD

18
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities with renal failure

A

Elevated electrolytes: K, phos, Mg

Decreased electrolytes: Na, Ca

19
Q

Hemodialysis complications

A

Cerebral edema, headache, nausea, hypercalcemia, fever, arrhythmias, bleeding, infection, anemia

20
Q

Hyperammonemia is caused by what during TURP

A

Glycine is metabolized to ammonia, leading to encephalopathy

21
Q

Plateau pressure is a measurement of what type of compliance

A

Static compliance

22
Q

Peak pressure is a measurement of what type of compliance

A

Dynamic compliance

23
Q

Mechanism of action for bivalrudin

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

24
Q

Mechanism of action of bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic, 40 times more potent than furosemide

25
Q

Flumazenil half life

A

7-15 min, shorter than many benzodiazepines, so redosing may be required

26
Q

Inhaled anesthetic that has greatest risk of producing carbon monoxide with dessicated CO2 absorbers

A

Desflurane

27
Q

Baralyme or soda lime has greater risk of producing carbon monoxide

A

Baralyme

28
Q

What to do if epidural catheter is disconnected.

A

Clean open ends with alcohol, then in sterile technique, cut the catheter before placing new connector piece

29
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in a fixed volume is equal to the sum of each gas partial pressure

30
Q

What is b-mode on ultrasound

A

B mode is 2D mode.

31
Q

Contraindications to TEE

A

Absolute: any esophageal disease like stricture, perforation, spasm, diverticula

32
Q

Endocrine effects of acute pain

A

Increasing ACTH, ADH, glucagon, and catecholamines

33
Q

IV anesthetics that can increase SSEP amplitude

A

Ketamine, etomidate

34
Q

Hepatitis B needle stick prophylaxis treatment

A

Hep B immune globulin and/or Hep B vaccine

35
Q

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine (to dry excessive airway secretions) and pralidoxime (reactivates acetylcholinesterase)

36
Q

TPN effect on gut tissue

A

Reduction in gut associated lymphoid tissue

37
Q

ABG in pregnancy

A

Respiratory alkalosis with slight metabolic acidosis to compensate

38
Q

Mechanism of action for gabapentin

A

Unknown exactly, but blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels that modulate excitatory neurotransmitter release

39
Q

drug approved for treatment of opioid induced constipation

A

methylnaltrexone

40
Q

Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamezapine, gabapentin

41
Q

Age when closing capacity and FRC equalize in supine position

A

44

*ACE's (27 decks)

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