ABA Part I Keywords Flashcards
Age when closing capacity and FRC equalize in upright position
66
Most important reason for increased A-a gradient with aging
Increased V-Q mismatch
Mechanism of action of nerve agents
Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase causing severe parasympathetic effects.
Most common complication with retrobulbar block
Retrobulbar hemorrhage
How to calculate standard error of the mean (SEM) from standard deviation (SD)
SEM = SD / (square root of sample size)
Vasopressor of choice for hypotensive aortic stenosis patient
Phenylephrine
Pharmacologic strategies for mitral regurgitation
Ephedrine, epinephrine, milrinone, dobutamine
Treatment of choice for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Magnesium (polymorphic v tach is torsade de pointes)
Treatment for post CPB hypotension refractory to typical vasopressors
Methylene blue
Treatment for unstable SVT
Synchronized cardioversion
Periop management of Addison’s disease
Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV q24hrs, treatment of hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia
Most common cause of febrile transfusion reaction
Recipient antibodies directed against HLA antigens on donor WBCs or platelets
Blood transfusion risk for IgA deficient patient
Anaphylaxis
What type of cardiac dysfunction occurs in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Cardiomyopathy
EKG changes with a subarachnoid bleed
Ventricular arrhythmias
Mechanism of organophosphate toxicity
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, leading to cholinergic crisis
Perioperative risk factors for acute renal failure
Age > 59, emergent surgery, chronic liver disease, BMI > 32, high risk surgery, peripheral vascular disease, severe COPD
Electrolyte abnormalities with renal failure
Elevated electrolytes: K, phos, Mg
Decreased electrolytes: Na, Ca
Hemodialysis complications
Cerebral edema, headache, nausea, hypercalcemia, fever, arrhythmias, bleeding, infection, anemia
Hyperammonemia is caused by what during TURP
Glycine is metabolized to ammonia, leading to encephalopathy
Plateau pressure is a measurement of what type of compliance
Static compliance
Peak pressure is a measurement of what type of compliance
Dynamic compliance
Mechanism of action for bivalrudin
Direct thrombin inhibitor
Mechanism of action of bumetanide
Loop diuretic, 40 times more potent than furosemide
Flumazenil half life
7-15 min, shorter than many benzodiazepines, so redosing may be required
Inhaled anesthetic that has greatest risk of producing carbon monoxide with dessicated CO2 absorbers
Desflurane
Baralyme or soda lime has greater risk of producing carbon monoxide
Baralyme
What to do if epidural catheter is disconnected.
Clean open ends with alcohol, then in sterile technique, cut the catheter before placing new connector piece
Dalton’s Law
Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in a fixed volume is equal to the sum of each gas partial pressure
What is b-mode on ultrasound
B mode is 2D mode.
Contraindications to TEE
Absolute: any esophageal disease like stricture, perforation, spasm, diverticula
Endocrine effects of acute pain
Increasing ACTH, ADH, glucagon, and catecholamines
IV anesthetics that can increase SSEP amplitude
Ketamine, etomidate
Hepatitis B needle stick prophylaxis treatment
Hep B immune globulin and/or Hep B vaccine
Treatment for organophosphate poisoning
Atropine (to dry excessive airway secretions) and pralidoxime (reactivates acetylcholinesterase)
TPN effect on gut tissue
Reduction in gut associated lymphoid tissue
ABG in pregnancy
Respiratory alkalosis with slight metabolic acidosis to compensate
Mechanism of action for gabapentin
Unknown exactly, but blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels that modulate excitatory neurotransmitter release
drug approved for treatment of opioid induced constipation
methylnaltrexone
Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamezapine, gabapentin
Age when closing capacity and FRC equalize in supine position
44
