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Prudent use of AB > AB in Companion Animals > Flashcards

AB in Companion Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Do you need systemic treatment in surface pyoderma?

A

no, local

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2
Q

Do you need systemic treatment in superficial pyoderma?

A

topical as a start, usually need systemic also

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3
Q

Pathogenic bacteria in pyoderma:

A 
Staphylococcus pseudointermedius 
S.aureus + streptococcus cani 
S.pseudomedius 
E.coli
P.aeruginosa
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4
Q

1st choice treatment of pyoderm caused by P.pseudointermedius :

A

Cephalosporin, cephalexin.

Amox + clav can also be.

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5
Q

Why don’t we use penicillinase stable AB inpyoderm caused by P.pseudointermedius :

A

not good orally

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6
Q

Drug for pyoderma that can be used against MRSA, MRSP:

A

Mupirocin - local

Fusidic acid when mupirocin is not available

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7
Q

what are the AB that can be used emperically in pyoderma: (1st line)

A 
1st gen cephalosporins - cephalexin
Amox+clav
3rd cephalosporins - cefovecin (CIA..) 
Lincosamides - clindamycin
PotSA  - Sulfamethoxazol + TMP
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8
Q

2nd line drugs of pyoderma (only after susceptibility test):

A

Fluoroquinolones:
2nd gen : Enro, Marbo, Cipro - best

4th gen : Pradofloxacin - Last choice!

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9
Q

Which bacteria is ciprofloxacin very good against (pyoderma):

A

against strept, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, e.coli

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10
Q

Local drugs against MRSP, MRSA (pyoderma):

A

Mupirocin, fusidic

Combinations should be used because of one step mutations

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11
Q

systemic drugs against MRSP, MRSA (pyoderma):

A

Rifampicin (combination) - hepatotox (give protectants)
Amikacin - nephrotox
Florfenicol - not convenient here (some countries have chloramphenicol)

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12
Q

3rd line treatment of pyoderma:

remember always susceptibility test!!!!

A

Macrolides - Azithromycin, clarithromycin

AMEG A - vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid
nephrotox, never in FPA

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13
Q

If you were to give a pyoderma treatment to a dog and the dog needed to be on the drugs for 5 weeks, how many weeks should the dog be on the treatment?

A

6 weeks!!!! Always one week more of recovery !!!!

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14
Q

Is systemic treatment needed for otitis externa?

A

not without complications

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15
Q

Is systemic treatment needed for otitis media?

A

yes

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16
Q

Otitis treatment with gram + bacteria:

A

Wash so the AB can reach the bacteria.

Ear drop with:

  • Gentamicin – ototoxic – check membrane!!
  • Polymyxin-b– check membrane!!
17
Q

What can you use if the tympanic membrane is damaged?

A
  • Orbifloxacin
  • Marbofloxacin
  • Florfenicol

Systemic - same as pyoderma

18
Q

Otitis treatment with gram - bacteria: (local)

A

Pseudomonas:
Local cleaner–kill biofilm
- EDTA + combination with chlorhexidine

Local (ear drop)

  • Gentamicin (1st) – check membrane
  • Tobramycin(1st) - check membrane
  • Polymyxin-b
  • Marbofloxacin

Systemic:
-Glucocorticoids inj.

19
Q

Otitis treatment with gram - bacteria: (systemic)

A

Glucocorticoids inj. - if it is so painful that we can’t clean it. will reduce the swelling.

(After test )
Per os: ciprofloxacin (1st)&raquo_space;marbofloxacin&raquo_space; enrofloxacin (cats very harmful!! – retinopathy )

20
Q

Gram + bacteria causing otitis:

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
(+ others)
Streptococcus canis
Streptococcus otitis

21
Q

Gram - bacteria causing otitis:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

E.coli

22
Q

Mastitis is dogs and cats -

Pathogenic bacteria:

A
  • Staphylococcus spp. (g+)
  • Streptococcus spp. (g+)
  • E. coli (endotoxin – G-)
23
Q

If the mastitis is caused by e.coli what medication should we give with the AB?

A

Meloxicam (NSAIDs) because it has antiendotoxic effect

24
Q

Systemic treatment of septic mastitis:

A

Amox + clav + enrofloxacin

25
Q

Why can we use amoxcillin inseptic mastitis if it does not penetrate the milk-blood barrier?

A

If the mastitis is septic the barrier are broken and the AB can reach it.

26
Q

Systemic treatment of non- septic mastitis:

A

TEST FIRST! YOU HAVE TIME!

AB that penetrate the Milk-blood barrier:

  • Clindamycin – lincosamides
  • Macrolides

Gram-negative
- Fluoroquinolones

27
Q

If the dog has puppies but need AB treatment what should we do?

A
  • Puppies will get the AB, so artificial milk are needed and milking out the milk.
  • If the owner don’t want to, diarrhea can happen (not good for baby pups :( )

-Fluoroquinolones – cartilage damage, not given under 1 year of age. (Off- label)

28
Q

When should we avoid usage of AB?

A

Milder cases that can be healed by them self, where bacteria is not present or no infective agents at all!

29
Q

Pathogens of gingivitis

A
  • Streptococcus spp.,
  • Pasteurella spp.,
  • Porphyromonas spp.

After a while :
Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp.

30
Q

Treatment of gingivitis:

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (1st)
Metronidazole + spiramycin
Cefovecin – only if the other don’t work
Pradofloxacin, clindamycin and apiramycin – If the bones are infected- not amox!

Prudent use of AB (9 decks)

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