AB in Companion Animals Flashcards
Do you need systemic treatment in surface pyoderma?
no, local
Do you need systemic treatment in superficial pyoderma?
topical as a start, usually need systemic also
Pathogenic bacteria in pyoderma:
Staphylococcus pseudointermedius S.aureus + streptococcus cani S.pseudomedius E.coli P.aeruginosa
1st choice treatment of pyoderm caused by P.pseudointermedius :
Cephalosporin, cephalexin.
Amox + clav can also be.
Why don’t we use penicillinase stable AB inpyoderm caused by P.pseudointermedius :
not good orally
Drug for pyoderma that can be used against MRSA, MRSP:
Mupirocin - local
Fusidic acid when mupirocin is not available
what are the AB that can be used emperically in pyoderma: (1st line)
1st gen cephalosporins - cephalexin Amox+clav 3rd cephalosporins - cefovecin (CIA..) Lincosamides - clindamycin PotSA - Sulfamethoxazol + TMP
2nd line drugs of pyoderma (only after susceptibility test):
Fluoroquinolones:
2nd gen : Enro, Marbo, Cipro - best
4th gen : Pradofloxacin - Last choice!
Which bacteria is ciprofloxacin very good against (pyoderma):
against strept, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, e.coli
Local drugs against MRSP, MRSA (pyoderma):
Mupirocin, fusidic
Combinations should be used because of one step mutations
systemic drugs against MRSP, MRSA (pyoderma):
Rifampicin (combination) - hepatotox (give protectants)
Amikacin - nephrotox
Florfenicol - not convenient here (some countries have chloramphenicol)
3rd line treatment of pyoderma:
remember always susceptibility test!!!!
Macrolides - Azithromycin, clarithromycin
AMEG A - vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid
nephrotox, never in FPA
If you were to give a pyoderma treatment to a dog and the dog needed to be on the drugs for 5 weeks, how many weeks should the dog be on the treatment?
6 weeks!!!! Always one week more of recovery !!!!
Is systemic treatment needed for otitis externa?
not without complications
Is systemic treatment needed for otitis media?
yes
Otitis treatment with gram + bacteria:
Wash so the AB can reach the bacteria.
Ear drop with:
- Gentamicin – ototoxic – check membrane!!
- Polymyxin-b– check membrane!!
What can you use if the tympanic membrane is damaged?
- Orbifloxacin
- Marbofloxacin
- Florfenicol
Systemic - same as pyoderma
Otitis treatment with gram - bacteria: (local)
Pseudomonas:
Local cleaner–kill biofilm
- EDTA + combination with chlorhexidine
Local (ear drop)
- Gentamicin (1st) – check membrane
- Tobramycin(1st) - check membrane
- Polymyxin-b
- Marbofloxacin
Systemic:
-Glucocorticoids inj.
Otitis treatment with gram - bacteria: (systemic)
Glucocorticoids inj. - if it is so painful that we can’t clean it. will reduce the swelling.
(After test )
Per os: ciprofloxacin (1st)»_space;marbofloxacin»_space; enrofloxacin (cats very harmful!! – retinopathy )
Gram + bacteria causing otitis:
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
(+ others)
Streptococcus canis
Streptococcus otitis
Gram - bacteria causing otitis:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E.coli
Mastitis is dogs and cats -
Pathogenic bacteria:
- Staphylococcus spp. (g+)
- Streptococcus spp. (g+)
- E. coli (endotoxin – G-)
If the mastitis is caused by e.coli what medication should we give with the AB?
Meloxicam (NSAIDs) because it has antiendotoxic effect
Systemic treatment of septic mastitis:
Amox + clav + enrofloxacin
Why can we use amoxcillin inseptic mastitis if it does not penetrate the milk-blood barrier?
If the mastitis is septic the barrier are broken and the AB can reach it.
Systemic treatment of non- septic mastitis:
TEST FIRST! YOU HAVE TIME!
AB that penetrate the Milk-blood barrier:
- Clindamycin – lincosamides
- Macrolides
Gram-negative
- Fluoroquinolones
If the dog has puppies but need AB treatment what should we do?
- Puppies will get the AB, so artificial milk are needed and milking out the milk.
- If the owner don’t want to, diarrhea can happen (not good for baby pups :( )
-Fluoroquinolones – cartilage damage, not given under 1 year of age. (Off- label)
When should we avoid usage of AB?
Milder cases that can be healed by them self, where bacteria is not present or no infective agents at all!
Pathogens of gingivitis
- Streptococcus spp.,
- Pasteurella spp.,
- Porphyromonas spp.
After a while :
Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp.
Treatment of gingivitis:
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (1st)
Metronidazole + spiramycin
Cefovecin – only if the other don’t work
Pradofloxacin, clindamycin and apiramycin – If the bones are infected- not amox!
