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Step 3 Final > Aaron: Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Aaron: Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Bands more than 10% are what?

A

Sepsis or SIRS qualification

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2
Q

SIRS/pancreatitis criteria, what is the most common test to observe and look at outcomes?

A

BUN > 20 mg/dL

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3
Q

HIV induced hypercholosterolemia, hyperlipidemia, what is the first drug of choice?

A

-statin, not a fibrate, fibrates are not the first go to drug

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4
Q

IV drug abuser, first time new murmur, septic pulmonary emboli, what is the next best step?

A

Transthoracic Echo

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5
Q

Classic Triad of pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, what is the most likely cause? Immunosuppressed patient with “ground glass opacity” (not PCP).

A

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillious

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6
Q

A patient is scared to drink, hydrophobia is common in what disease?

A

Rabies

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7
Q

What is a pulmonary indication for corticosteroids?

A

Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient >35 mmHg

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8
Q

PCP is seen with a CD4 count less than 200, if the sputum analysis is negative for PCP, can a patient still be infected with PCP?

A

Yes

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9
Q

If I have TB meningitis, what is the length of treatment?

A

2 months of 4 drug therapy then 9-12 months of isoniazid and Rifampin

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10
Q

TB meningitis, will patients have long term neurological problems?

Are intrathecal drugs helpful?

A

Yes, to long term neuro issues

No intrathecal drugs are helpful

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11
Q

Does Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid therapy) reduce morbidity and mortality in TB patients?

A

Yes, should be given for 8 weeks

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12
Q

A patient obtains C. Diff. does not want to be admitted, what is the scariest C. Diff complication?

A

Intestinal Perforation

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13
Q

All things being equal, what is a quick easy difference between Meningococcal Meningitis and Tertiary Syphilis?

A

Syphilis happens over weeks and months, Meningococcal Meningitis is hours to days

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14
Q

What are the three criteria for acute liver failure?

If a patient has 1 of 3 and an acute Hep B infection, should they be admitted?

A

Elevated Liver Enzymes, Encephalopathy, and INR > 1.5

No

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15
Q

Does antiviral Hep B treatment make a huge difference?

A

No

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16
Q

Centor Criteria of the following gets what?

Less than 3?
3-4?

A

Less than 3 = symp. treatment

3-4 = Streptococcal Rapid Antigen Test, if +, then get abx

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17
Q

Before starting HIV treatment, what should be investigated before treatment starts?

A

Hep B serology

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18
Q

Assuming I have an HIV exposure, what is a perfect timeframe that triple therapy retroviral treatment should be started?

A

less than 72 hours

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19
Q

A positive p24 HIV tests can take up to how long to be positive?

A

4 weeks

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20
Q

If a patient had a rabies vaccine one year ago, then they were bitten by a bat, what is the treatment?

A

Vaccine on day 0 and 3, yes despite the fact that he had it a year before, I know

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21
Q

Multiple Small papules with central umbilication, on face, neck, trunk, and upper thighs. Oral Thrush and HIV non-compliant, what is the most likely cause?

A

Cryptococcus, confirmed via biopsy

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22
Q

Mycotic aneurysms are what?

A

Infected Aneurysms

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23
Q

Close contact has meningococcal infection, what is the treatment of choice?

What condition makes it so that a woman cannot take Rifampin?

A

One dose ciprofloxacin 500 mg

OCP use

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24
Q

Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis can have what hallmark sign and treatment?

A 
Treatment = 6 weeks of ciprofloxacin
Sign = pain during ejaculation
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25
Q

HSV encephalitis will cause what problems?

A

Altered Mental Status, will not be able to follow commands well

26
Q

26-year-old with a white lesion that can be scrapped off with a tongue depressor, is this enough to think about oral cancer? 5-year smoking history

A

no, think about HIV, particularly with the enlarged regional lymph nodes

27
Q

How do you tell Erysipelas vs Cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis does not have a distinct cut off, Erysipelas does have a well demarcated line
The red rash is also elevated and raised

28
Q

If a tick is engorged, does there need to be abx treatment?

If a tick has been attached less than 36-48 hours, does the patient need abx, even with a rash?

A

Yes

No, tick saliva can cause red rash after the fact

29
Q

A patient has urethritis, given a shot of azithromycin, does not get better a few weeks later, what is the next best test?

A

Do another gram stain and urethral swab

30
Q

Assuming a patient has active TB, what is the next best step?

A

Sputum Acid Fast Culture and smear, IFN gamma and TB skin test do not have distinguish an active infection

31
Q

P. Aeruginosa has what skin disease?

IBD has what skin disease?

A

Ecthyma Gangrenosum

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

32
Q

Bartonella has what specific disease characteristic?

A

Very tender lymphadenopathy

33
Q

Bacteremia in a cancer patient, what is the first treatment step?

A

Empiric IV abx, Pseudomonas abx should get Beta Lactam and Aminoglycoside

34
Q

After fungal meningitis treatment, how long should patients wait for HIV treatment initiation?

A

2-10 weeks after meningitis treatment start

35
Q

Fluconazole treatment, CD4 count must be over _____ to stop?

A

100

36
Q

Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis can clog up the arachnoid villi, and what treatment needs to be done?

Look out for continued symptom headaches, nausea, vomiting, and lethargy

A

Serial Lumbar Punctures

37
Q 
MCV lesions
Elevated opening pressure
low leukocyte count, lymphocytic predominance
Elevated protein and glucose
Meningitis symptoms, what am I?
A

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Positive India Ink preparation

38
Q

Shingles in an 82 year old patient, what is the best treatment?

A

Oral Valacyclovir, if under 72 hours

39
Q

Shingles patient is admitted for pain control, what are the necessary PPE precautions?

A

Airborne and Contact

40
Q

Can a Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction be prevented with anti-histamines or steroids?

A

No

41
Q

A new HIV diagnosed patient, +RPR, +FTA, headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, what is the next step?

A

LP, the symptoms may be tertiary syphilis

42
Q

Recurrent C. diff infection is seen based on what patient history contribution?

Is a +PCR stool antigen test enough to diagnose

A

3 loose, watery stools in 24 hours, look out for elevated white count and fever, too

No to +PCR test only

43
Q

Best way to prevent C. Diff?

A

Stop gastric acid suppression

44
Q

Bladder cancer will have blood when during micturation?

A

Through out urination

45
Q

Schistosomiasis will have blood when during micturation?

A

Terminal part of urination

46
Q

Schistosomiasis in a Ghana Man, dysuria, increased urinary frequency, and anemia, what is a good next step?

A

Urine Sediment microscopy

47
Q

Dengue Fever is seen via what test?

A

Petechiae after blood pressure cuff inflation

48
Q

Osteomyelitis in a diabetic patient, what is the best radiography test?

A

MRI

49
Q

What is a common Isoniazid side effect besides nerve damage?

A

Drug induced hepatitis

50
Q

If a patient’s airway is about to close off, what is the best immediate treatment besides intubation?

A

Corticosteroids

51
Q

Does EBV or Strept infection more likely cause hepatosplenomegaly?

A

EBV

52
Q

EBV treatment is what?

A

Supportive care, no anti-viral medications are helpful

53
Q

If I have necrotizing fasciitis, what is the most common culprit?

A

Group A strep, not C. Perfringens (also a cause, but not #1) from uworld

54
Q

If an elderly woman is brought from a nursing home, cloudy urine, +urine culture, but no burning during urination, no increased urinary frequency, and no other symptoms. What is the next best step?

A

Leave alone, if UTIs are asymptomatic, do not treat, the only time to treat if not symptomatic is if +culture/results and pregnant

55
Q

Oseltamivir is best used in Flu patients via what time table?

A

Less than 48 hour onset

56
Q

How long after infection does it take for a Giardia infection to take place?

A

At least one week

57
Q

How long after infection does it take for an E. Coli infection to take place?

A

A few days

58
Q

Do you treat E. Histolytica if the patient has stool cysts but no symptoms?

A

Yes, paromomycin

59
Q

If a patient had unprotected sex with a known HIV positive partner, and they present within 72 hours after the sexual encounter, what can be done?

A

Triple Therapy anti-viral medications for 28 days

60
Q

Can Thiazide diuretics cause pancreatitis?

A

Yes

61
Q

Fever
AMS
Late spring, summer, or early autumn

Flaccid paralysis –> transverse myelitis
Extrapyramidal symptoms

What am I? Treatment?

A

West Nile Encephalitis

Tx: Fluids, supportive care

Step 3 Final (12 decks)

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