Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AANP EXAM > AANP EXAM NOTES 6 > Flashcards

AANP EXAM NOTES 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an episode of dysfuntion of what system?

A

Neurologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A PT who had a TIA is at high/low risk for severe stroke in the future

A

HIGH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TX for TIA?

A

Refer to ED, Schedule CT/MRI within 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TIA ABCD2 Score is a tool to help predict who is at high risk for subsequent stroke after a TIA within next 7 days. What is next step if PT has ABCD2 score of 3 or greater?

A

Refer to ED for hospitalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does ABCD represent for a PT with a possible TIA?

A

Age (greater than 65)
BP (140/90 or higher)
Clinical features of TIA (unilateral weakness)
Duration (> 60 mins)
Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

72-year-old patient with a hx of coronary artery disease and hypertension reports an episode of slurred speech and right sided facial droop that started yesterday while at home. It lasted for about an hour. She denies pain or headache. What is likely cause?

A

TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An 80-year-old pt. comes with c/o ataxic gait, new onset headache & slurred speech that began 2 hours ago. What is likely Etiology?

A

Stroke/TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 2 risk factors of CVA (stroke)

A

A fib, prolonged immobilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 1 risk factor for Homorrhagic CVA

A
  1. Poorly controlled HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 3 s/s the describes how hemorrhagic CVA presents

A
  1. abrupt onset severe HA
  2. N&V
  3. Photophobia
  4. Nuchal rigidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intracerebral/ Sub arachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden onset of severe “thunderclap”/ “the worst HA of my life” or “sentinel HA. T/F

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CVA has high prevalence in blacks, hispanics, american indians, and women of what age?

A

25-34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PTs preparing to undergo heart catheterization should/should not stop Losartan

A

Should not stop Losartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Naproxen should be stopped for 24 hours prior to heart cath due to the impact on renal prostaglandin production. T/F

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The TIMI score evaluates patients for what 2 condx?

A

angina & possible MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Splinter hemorrhages on nail, new onset murmur fever, chills, tender violet-colored (red to purple) nodules on fingers & toes are some symptoms presented by what bacterial condition?

A

bacterial endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osler Nodes are what color?

A

purple/pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What part of body do you find Osler Nodes?

A

These nodules are found on distal fingers/ toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lesions that are irregular, non-tender, erythematous macules/papules on the hands and soles are called?

A

Janeway lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What condx includes a color change in hands from white, blue, and red in a symmetric pattern.

A

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is TX for Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A

CCB (nifedipine, amlodipine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Insulin resistance syndrome is AKA

A

Metabolic Syndrome, Syndrome X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What labs would you order for Metabolic Syndrome?

A

Labs: Fasting (9 to 12 hrs) lipid profile (esp. triglycerides & HDL), Fasting blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of HTN Medication should be avoided when treating a PT with Metabolic syndrome?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A butterfly rash is associated with what dz?

A

lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When may children with chickenpox return to school?

A

After lesions have crusted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What OTC medication should be avoided in children with chickenpox? why?

A

ASPRIN - May cause Reye’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What condx presents with Lip/ oral cavity symptoms that may present as painful vesicles on the soft palate & mouth

A

Herpangina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What condx presents with honey colored crusts, fragile bullae (that easily ruptures), pruritic.

A

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What labs are drawn for PT with Impetigo?

A

C&S of crusts/wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the TX for PT with severe case of Impetigo but NKDA?

A

Cephalexin (Keflex) QID, dicloxacillin QID x 10 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the TX for PT with severe case of Impetigo who has penicillin allergy?

A

Azithromycin 250mg x 5 days (Macrolide), Clindamycin x 10 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the TX for PT with Impetigo with few lesions and no bullae (NDKA)?

A

Topical 2% mupirocin ointment (Bactroban)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What acute bacterial infection is caused by Staph/Strep that ruptures easily and becomes superficial, bright red, weeping with honey crusted exudate on face, arms or legs.

A

Bullous Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What medication is used to treat Bullous Impetigo

A

Mupirocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What highly contagious virus presents small spots with White centers (Koplik’s spots), round spots on a red base of the buccal mucosa by the rear lower molars & appears 2-3 days before onset of symptoms?

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Measles is AKA

A

Rubeola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What infectious dz of the skin is caused by poxvirus?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What infection dz of the skin presents smooth papules that arfe dome shaped with central umbiligation (belly button white plug)?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What condition presents with a Christmas Tree pattern rash (on cleavage lines); Herald patch lesion appears initially

A

Pityriasis rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Roseola typically occurs in children of what age?

A

6 mos to 3 years

42
Q

Roseola typically presents a fever lasting how long?

43
Q

Interdigital webs are associated with what skin infestation?

44
Q

What infectious dz presents with Sandpaper rash with sore throat (strep throat), fever.

A

Scarlet fever

45
Q

Compared to PTs with strep throat, PTs with scarlet fever are at higher risk for developing postglomerular nephritis. T/F

46
Q

What is the 1st approved drug for smallpox?

47
Q

Smallpox vaccine can lessen severity if given within ….. days post exposure.

48
Q

What inflammatory condition is characterized by Multiple painful, reddened nodules on anterior surface of both legs seen in pt. with ulcerative colitis?

A

Erythema Nodosum

49
Q

What is prescribed to treat nodulocystic acne?

A

Isotretinoin

50
Q

If pt. with Nodulocystic acne has been Rx’d Isotretinoin & oral contraceptives but presents with sinus infection, who should be consulted?

A

call the dermatologist to report the BP and discuss the risk of stroke.

51
Q

What condx presents an extravasation of blood under the skin that is not present with Scarlet Fever?

52
Q

What is a Pruritic rash located on hands, flexural folds, and neck?

53
Q

What can cause Urticaria?

A

Medications (e.g., Penicillin allergy rash), viral/bacterial infections, insect bites, latex allergies)

54
Q

Urticaria is AKA

55
Q

What is the best clue to differentiate between contact and atopic dermatitis?

A

Unilateral location and shape

56
Q

Dermatitis symptoms include a NON-Pruritic rash located on hands, flexural folds (antecubital, popliteal space), neck, cheeks, entire trunk, knees, & elbows. T/F

A

FALSE. Dermatitis symptoms include an EXTREMELY PRURITIC RASH on hands, flexural folds (antecubital, popliteal space), neck, cheeks, entire trunk, knees, & elbows.

57
Q

What is 1st line tx for dermatitis?

A

Topical steroids and emollients (hydrocortisone)

58
Q

Dermatitis may be treated with Hydrating baths (warm water) then applying skin lubricants (Eucerin, Keri Lotion, Crisco, Mineral oil) while skin is wet. T/F

59
Q

What inflammatory skin reaction may present with just red skin or red skin with painful/ burning or stinging blisters. The blisters may be located anywhere, may/may not have a belt like pattern (linear).

A

Contact dermatitis

60
Q

Rashes caused by contact dermatitis may become crusted, very pruritic, & lichenified from chronic itching when they dry. T/F

61
Q

Cutaneous Lichen planus may present with purple plaques of what shape?

62
Q

Actinic Keratosis is a precancerous precursor to squamous cell carcinoma. T/F

63
Q

What is the gold standard test for Actinic Keratosis?

64
Q

What is TX for actinic Keratosis?

A

Refer to dermatologist for surgery, cryotherapy, topical medications such as fluorouracil cream 5% or imiquimod.

65
Q

What condx may present soft, painless, wartlike, fleshy growths in the trunk that are located mostly on the back. They can look like they are “pasted” on the skin.

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

66
Q

The most appropriate tx for a steroid responsive condition includes: Gel, cream, ointment but NOT lotion. T/F

67
Q

Autoimmune dz (Grave’s dz, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, RA, psoriasis, pernicious anemia) are risk factors for what chronic autoimmune skin disorder?

68
Q

Cherry Angioma presents benign small, smooth round papules that are bright cherry red. They may bleed if ruptured. T/F

69
Q

What is an Inherited/ chronic skin disorder in which squamous epithelial cells undergo rapid mitotic division & abnormal maturation?

70
Q

Methotrexate absolute contraindications includes Chronic alcohol use, acute renal failure, & breastfeeding. T/F

71
Q

Symptoms of this condx may be a/w inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or psoriatic arthritis.

72
Q

Superficial candidiasis in the vagina presents with vaginal irritation and a non-malodorous discharge of what color.

73
Q

What is the tx for superficial candidiases in the vagina?

A

Miconazole cream (Monistat)

74
Q

What condx presents an acute skin infection of the deep dermis & underlying tissue?

A

Cellulitis

75
Q

Cellulitis is caused by what bacteria?

A

Staph aureus (Gram + bacteria)

76
Q

What is a virulent strain of cellulitis?

77
Q

PT in office with diffused pink colored skin that is poorly demarcated with advancing margins and warm to the touch. PT has temp, fever, chills, and c/o malaise. What is a possible diagnosis?

A

Cellulitis

78
Q

MRSA is a strain of cellulitis that presents with/without abscess?

79
Q

What antibiotics are used to TX MRSA?

A

Note: Vancomycin or daptomycin are the agents of choice for treatment of MRSA (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5204005/)

80
Q

Is orbital cellulitis more common in adults or younger children?

A

younger children

81
Q

What type of cellulitis is more common in younger children

A

orbital cellulitis

82
Q

What type of cellulitis involving upper dermis & superficial lymphatics is usually caused by group A Streptococcus?

A

Erysipelas

83
Q

PTs with clenched fist injury is at high/low risk for infection to joints (knuckles), fascia, nerves, & bones (osteomyelitis) esp. if punched in mouth or bitten by a human.

84
Q

Pt presents to office after being in a fight. He was punched in mouth and bitten. What is next step?

A

Refer to ED for xray to r/o foreign body or fracture

85
Q

Furuncles are AKA

86
Q

How are furuncles usually treated?

A

antibiotic ointment

87
Q

PT presents with painful nodules, abscesses, & pustules in groin and axilla areas. A ruptured lesion is draining
purulent green colored discharge. What is DX?

A

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA

88
Q

How is HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA treated?

A

Antibiotics: Clindamycin, cholorhexidine (Hibiclens) 4% sol

Oral antibiotics: Tetracycline

89
Q

PT presents with broken hair shafts that leave a dot like pattern on scalp. What is likely Dx?

A

Tinea Capitis

90
Q

What antifungal medication considered to be the gold standard TX for tinea capitis?

A

Griseofulvin

91
Q

Tinea pedis is AKA

A

Athlete’s foot

92
Q

PT presents with itchy, scaly rash on foot. Microscopic exam shows hyphae (skin lesion that fluoresces under wood’s lamp). What is likely dx?

A

Tinea Pedis

93
Q

What is common TX for athlete’s foot?

A

antifungal cream (clotrimazole (Lotrisone), econazole (Ecoza, Spectazole) or ciclopirox (Loprox, Penlac).

94
Q

Tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the …

A

fingernail

95
Q

Tinea unguium, is treated with

A

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

96
Q

PT presents with unguium. What should you require prior to initiation of Lamisil? Why?

A

LFT. Lamisil is an inhibitor of CYP 2D6 enzyme can lead to liver failure

97
Q

Why does FDA recommend avoiding prescribing oral ketoconazole (Nizoral) for fungal skin & nail infections?

A

May cause serious harm (liver damage)

98
Q

What fungal skin infection presents hypopigmented or hyperpigmented (reddish, brown hue) round to oval macular rash/ patch?
most lesions on upper shoulders/back

A

Tinea Versicolor

99
Q

Where do most Tinea Versicolor lesions appear on the body?

A

upper shoulders/back

100
Q

KOH test reveals “spaghetti & meatballs” hyphae & spore pattern on PT’s back. What is likely DX?

A

Tinea Versicolor

AANP EXAM (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions