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AANP EXAM > AANP EXAM NOTES 3 > Flashcards

AANP EXAM NOTES 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A CXR shows white colored patchy area on one of the lobes in the lung. What is your dx?

A

Lobar Pneumonia

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2
Q

How does Lobar Pneumonia present on a CXR?

A

Infiltrates.

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3
Q

What condition is indicated when a PT has consistently elevated BP in the office but it does not meet the definition of HTN?

A

White Coat HTN

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4
Q

What type of aphasia is Wernicke’s Asphasia?

A

Receptive Aphasia
(when someone is able to speak well/use long sentences, but what their saying does not make sense). May not know what they are saying is wrong.

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5
Q

A PT presents with markedly impaired ability to read and write. Comprehension is difficult but there are no problems with speech. What is the likely dx?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia.
(Pronounced Ver na kah)

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6
Q

What medical condx presents superficial veins that become enlarged and twisted?

A

Varicose veins

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7
Q

On what part of the body do varicose veins commonly develop?

A

Legs, just under the skin

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8
Q

What dx causes the wall of the artery to develop plaque lesions?

A

Arteriosclerosis

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9
Q

What is a major difference between varicose veins and arteriosclerosis?

A

Varicose veins - veins affected
Arteriosclerosis - vessels affected

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10
Q

What is the most objective measure to test for the presence of fluid inside the middle ear?

A

Tympanogram

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11
Q

A tympanogram is an objective measure to test for the presence of fluid in what body part?

A

Middle ear

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12
Q

A PT with acute OM will show a straight line on what type of test?

A

TYMPANOGRAM

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13
Q

A PT with acute OM will show a straight line on what type of test?

A

TYMPANOGRAM

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14
Q

A PT with SEROUS OM will show a straight line on what type of test?

A

TYMPANOGRAM

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15
Q

A Tympanogram displays a peak-shaped line in a normal ear. T/F

A

TRUE

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16
Q

A Tympanogram test can help diagnose problems related to hearing loss. T/F

A

TRUE

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17
Q

A TYMPANOMETRY test shows how well your middle ear works by measuring how the eardrum moves. T/F

A

TRUE

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18
Q

What term describes a PT’s gradual and poor clinical response to drugs?

A

Tachyphylaxis

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19
Q

Name 3 conditions that are symptoms of Trichomonas

A

Copious, bubbly, green in color, lots of inflammation, itching, redness of the vulvovaginal

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20
Q

If a PT is dx with Trichomonas, the partner needs treatment. T/F

A

TRUE

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21
Q

What test is given to the partner of a PT diagnosed with Trichomonas?

A

PCR Urine

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21
Q

Name 3 conditions that are symptoms of Trichomonas

A

Copious, bubbly, green in color, lots of inflammation, itching, redness of the vulvovaginal

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21
Q

Tay Sachs is most common in what group?

A

Eastern European Jews

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21
Q

Name 2 adverse affects of Thiazide diuretics

A

Hyperuricemia, Hyperglycemia

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22
Q

Name 3 conditions that are symptoms of Trichomonas

A

Copious, bubbly, green in color, lots of inflammation, itching, redness of the vulvovaginal

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23
Q

A PT with syncope may feel dizzy, pass out for < 1 min, then awaken spontaneously. What is the initial step to assess this condition?

A

Perform a complete neurological and cardiac exam

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24
Q

When performing a cardiac exam of a PT with Syncope, the carotid arteries should be auscultated. T/F

A

TRUE

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25
Q

What signs/symptoms related to asthma present in a PT with Iron deficiency anemia?

A

PICA, Spoon shaped nails

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26
Q

Koilonychia is a term that describes what?

A

spoon shaped nails

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27
Q

Leukocytosis causes an increase in the WBC, especially during an infection. The PT has a high number of white blood cells. T/F

A

TRUE

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28
Q

What is the origin of the infection in a PT dx with Leukocytosis?

A

UNKNOWN

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29
Q

What condx presents with excoriated pruritic rash located in the finger webs & penis?

A

Scabies

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30
Q

Where are PTs at high risk for contracting scabies?

A

Schools, nursing home, prisons, group locations

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31
Q

What term describes products that are used to treat scabies? Provide one example.

A

Scabicides - because they kill scabies mites. Permethrin ointment is a scabicide.

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32
Q

How long does it typically take for symptoms to develop in a PT with Scabies?

A

4-8 weeks

33
Q

What skin condx presents with non pruritic, sandpaper texture followed by sore throat, strawberry tongue, & skin desquamation (peeling) of the palms & soles

A

Scarlatina rash

34
Q

Scarlatina rash is commonly known as?

A

Scarlet fever

35
Q

What medication is usually prescribed to treat scarlet fever - unless contraindicated?

A

ABX: PCN or amoxicillin x 10 days
If PCN allergy: Erythromycin

36
Q

What condition causes loss of muscle mass as one ages with no underlying dx?

A

Sarcopenia

37
Q

What term describes the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength in elderly PTs?

A

Sarcopenia

38
Q

Sarcopenia is associated with increased falls, disability, and impairment. T/F

A

TRUE

39
Q

What is the main treatment path for sarcopenia (gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, & function r/t age)?

A

Exercise

40
Q

What causes Sarcopenia in elderly males?

A

Decreased production of testosterone

41
Q

What are the s/s of scotoma?

A

Visual field abnormality/blind spot

42
Q

An area of diminished central vision acuity surrounded by a field of normal vision is aka?

A

scotoma

43
Q

How is a PT tested for scotoma?

A

Eye exam

44
Q

Optical coherence tomography can be used to diagnose scotoma. T/F

A

TRUE

45
Q

A group of symptoms that may occur with use of serotonergic drugs is called Serotonin Syndrome. T/F

A

TRUE

46
Q

Serotonin Syndrome is DX by clinical exam & index of suspicion. T/F

A

TRUE

47
Q

In moderate cases of Serotonin Syndrome, s/s include: high temperature, sweating, dialated pupils, diarrhea. T/F

A

TRUE

48
Q

Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can lead to neurologic complications. T/F

A

TRUE

49
Q

What medication classes are associated with Serotonin Syndrome?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs)

50
Q

No single test can confirm a serotonin syndrome diagnosis. The condition is dx by ruling out other possibilities. T/F

A

TRUE

51
Q

What is the gold standard to test for skin cancer?

A

Biopsy

52
Q

What term describes a PT’s ability to recognize a familiar object through touch?

A

Stereognosis

53
Q

Placing a familiar object (e.g., coin, key, pen) in a PT’s palm is a test of there ability to recognize the object. This is aka

A

Stereognosis

54
Q

What type of rashes appears pink to red with small raised bumps. It will blanch and is present with roseola or exanthem subitem.

A

Maculopapular rashes

55
Q

What type of rash is characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps.

A

Maculopapular rashes

56
Q

Maculopapular rashes are common in several diseases and medical conditions, including scarlet fever, measles, Ebola virus disease, rubella, secondary syphilis. T/F

A

TRUE

57
Q

Maculopapular rashes can be as a result of large doses of niacin. T/F

A

TRUE

58
Q

Maculopapular rashes affect swimmers in some areas (e.g., Florida, Caribbean, Long Island). It is caused by hypersensitivity to stings from the larvae of the sea anemone. T/F

A

TRUE

59
Q

Fifth disease is a manifestations of infection caused by parvovirus B19. T/F

A

TRUE

60
Q

Is Fifths disease more common in children or adults?

A

Children

61
Q

Erythema infectiosum is aka?

A

Fifth’s dz

62
Q

Fifths dz presents as what type of pattern?

A

Bright red rash appears “slapped cheeks” on the face

63
Q

Fifth’s dz infection is frequently self-limiting. No specific therapy is recommended. T/F

A

TRUE

64
Q

How does Varicella zoster, herpes simplex typically present?

A

Presents with papules, vesicles, crusts along a single dermatome

65
Q

What contagious dz is caused by varicella zoster virus?

A

Chickenpox

66
Q

Varicella zoster is aka human herpesvirus 3. T/F

A

TRUE

67
Q

Within the human body,VARICELLA ZOSTER can be treated by acyclovir for chickenpox.. T/F

A

TRUE

68
Q

What rash is oval shaped with a hearald patch?

A

Pityriasis rosea

69
Q

What type of rash is Pityriasis rosea?

A

Maculopapular

70
Q

What shape is a Pityriasis rosea rash?

A

Oval shape with a herald patch

71
Q

Pityriasis rosea typically begins with a single red scaly area known as what?

A

Herald patch

72
Q

Malignant hypertension is very high blood pressure that comes on suddenly and quickly. T/F

A

TRUE
SBP > 180,DBP > 120

73
Q

Malignant HTN is more common in younger adults, especially African American men. T/F

A

TRUE

74
Q

How are PTs with malignant HTN treated?

A

Patients are usually admitted to an intensive care unit for monitoring and IV therapy.

Note: PTs are monitored for cardiac, neuro function, and IV therapy (antihypertensive medications).

75
Q

What term describes the peak serum concentration of a drug after a dose?

A

Maximum concentration

76
Q

What term describes the highest concentration of a drug after a dose?

A

Maximum concentration

77
Q

What term describes the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that will inhibit the growth of organisms (after overnight incubation)?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

78
Q

What condx is described by Excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye

A

Miosis

79
Q

When the pupil shrinks (constricts), it’s called what?

A

Miosis

80
Q

If a PT’s pupils stay small even in dim light, it can be a sign that things in the eye aren’t working right. This is called abnormal miosis. T/F

A

TRUE

81
Q

What is the medical term for Nearsightedness?

A

Myopia

82
Q

With Myopia, near vision is intact. T/F?

A

TRUE

AANP EXAM (8 decks)

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