A9: Utilization of horses: gallop, trot, dressage, jumping, driving and others .

Question 1

What are the 2 types of horse racing

Answer 1

under saddle,
in harness.

Question 2

what type of under saddle racing exists?

Answer 2

-> Federation Equestre International (FEI) governs international racing

-> Thoroughbred horse racing = most popular worldwide:
‣ Flat racing (race that’s on a flat surface without hurdles or other obstacles).
‣ Steeplechase (horse race over fences combining the raw power of the flat racing Thoroughbred with the precision and impulsion of high speed cross country jumping).

-> American quarter horse racing: Races over 1/4 mile using Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Appaloosa,
American paint horses & other light breeds.

-> Endurance riding: Arabian horses dominate the top levels (Racing over 20-100 miles).

-> Ride & tie: 2 people alternately ride on horse and run → Popular in North America.

Question 3

What is harness racing

Answer 3

(Driving)

*Trotting: with trotters in sulky or under saddle with rider, 1000-4000 meters.
‣ Use of American, French or other trotters → Tests speed and trotting skills.

*Pacing: American pacer horses, quicker than trot.

Question 4

what riding sports/ competitions are available?

Answer 4

• Recognized worldwide (FEI) & form part of the equestrian events at the Olympics:
  ◦ Show jumping
  ◦ Dressage
  ◦ Cross country
  ◦ Eventing: 3 day eventing etc, a combined competition involves: show jumping, dressage and cross country.
  ◦ Other events → combined driving, reining, vaulting, endurance, Paralympics.

Question 5

What are horse shows and what types take place?

Answer 5

Held throughout the world with a variety of events, equipment, attire & judging standards.
◦ Equitation (seat & hand, horsemanship): Rider judged on form, style & ability/handling.
◦ Pleasure, flat, under saddle: horses are ridden on the flat & judged on manners, performance,
movement, style & quality.
◦ Halter, in-hand, conformation: horse judged by conformation and/or breeding ability.
◦ Jumping classes: show jumping, show hunter.

Question 6

What harness sports are available?

Answer 6

-> Combined competitive driving:
◦ Area-based “dressage” class = control & precision.
◦ Cross-country “marathon” = emphasizes fitness and endurance.
◦ Stadium/cones = obstacle course.

-> Draft horse showing = most draft breeds are shown either in hand or harness.

-> Pleasure driving = using a light cart at walk & trot → Emphasis on manners.

-> Fine harness/formal driving = 4 wheeled cart → Horse judged on flashy & dramatic performance.

-> Sulky racing (mentioned above).
-> pacing (mentioned above)

-> carriage driving: judged on turnout.

Question 7

What type of English riding sports are available?

Answer 7

Classical Olympic events (dressage, show jumping, cross country).
-> Hunter classes = may be shown on flat or over jumps.
-> Saddle seat.
-> American discipline.
-> Showing of high-stepping & baited breeds such as Saddlebred, Tennessee Walker, etc.
◦ Park division = horses with highest action (most exaggerated).
◦ Pleasure division = manners rank over animation.
◦ Plantation/country division = least animation, greatest emphasis on manners.

Question 8

What type of Western Riding events are available?

Answer 8

1) RODEO:
-> Timed events
-> Barrel racing
-> Pole bending
-> Steer wrestling/”bulldogging” = rider jumps of horse into a steer & wrestles it to the ground
by its horns.
-> Goat typing = teaches younger riders the basics of calf roping

2) ROPING= tasks based on real life requirements of working cowboys.
-> Calf roping/tie-down roping
-> Team roping (heading & heeling): Men & women may compete together. 2 people work as a team to capture & restrain a steer.
-> Breakaway roping

3) ROUGH STOCK competition: Bronc riding.

Question 8

What type of Western Riding events are available?

Answer 8

1) RODEO:
-> Timed events
-> Barrel racing
-> Pole bending
-> Steer wrestling/”bulldogging” = rider jumps of horse into a steer & wrestles it to the ground
by its horns.
-> Goat typing = teaches younger riders the basics of calf roping

2) ROPING= tasks based on real life requirements of working cowboys.
-> Calf roping/tie-down roping
-> Team roping (heading & heeling): Men & women may compete together. 2 people work as a team to capture & restrain a steer.
-> Breakaway roping

3) ROUGH STOCK competition: Bronc riding.

Question 9

What other equestrian activities are available?

Answer 9

• Arena sports: polo, horse, lacrosse, path.
• Gymkhana / mounted games.
• Vaulting.
• Horse ball.
• Jousting.
• Le tree (3 phases: trail riding, jumping, basic flat work) tests horse-rider partnership.
• Competitive mounted engineering.
• Fox hunting.
• Hacking/pleasure riding.