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CMS 1 > A8 - EE Safety and Health > Flashcards

A8 - EE Safety and Health Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

A
  • “to assure the safety/health of America’s workers by setting/enforcing standards; providing training, olutreach, and ed.; establ. partnerships; and ecnouraging continual improvements in workplace safety and health”
  • very effective in reducing the number of injuries resulting in lost work time, the incident rate of specific injuries such as back probs, and the number of job-related deaths
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2
Q

OSHA coverage requirements

ENTITIES - cov’d / not cov’d

A
  • COVERED:
    • all private sector EEs and public EEs in state/local gov’ts
    • Fed’d agencies are required to estab. and maintain a safety and health program that is monitored by OSHA
  • NOT COVERED: self-employed workers
  • 1/2 of the states have their own program for private/public workers (enforce it)
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3
Q

OHSA Standards

A
  • develop and enforce mandatory job safety and health standards
    • cover the workplace, machinery/equipment, materials, power sources, processing, protective clothing, first aid, and admin. requirements
  • ER responsibility: ensure that their EE use personal protective gear and equipment when required for safety
  • use Sec. of Health and Human Services and Nat’l Instit. for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to begin setting standards
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4
Q
  • the major source of setting standards
  • agency of Dept. of HHS
  • responsible for conducting research on various safety and health probs., including the psychological factors involved
A

Nat’l Insti. for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)

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5
Q

Enforcing OSHA standards

A
  • workplace inspections
  • issue citations
  • impose penalities on ERs
  • Additional:
    • provide free on-site consultation service to help firms ID hazardous conditions and how to correct them
    • involved w/ voluntary, cooperative relationships among ERs, EEs, and unions
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6
Q

OSHA’s system of inspection priorities

A
  • First Level: inspection of imminent danger situations
  • Second Level: invest. of catastrophes, fatalities, and accidents that result in hospitalization of 5 or more EEs
  • Third Level: Invest. of valid EE compliants of alleged violations of standards or of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions
  • Fourth Level: Special-emphasis inspections aimed at specific high-hazard industries, occupations, or substance that are injurious to health
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7
Q

Workplace Inspections

A
  • enter w/out delay and at reasonable times
  • inspect and invest. during reg hrs and at other reasonable times and w/in reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner
  • inpectors arrive at work site unannounced and ask for a meeting w/ rep of the ER
  • inspectors explain the purpose of the visit
  • describe the procedure for the inspection
  • ask to review the ER’s safety/health records
  • ER may either agree voluntarily or required to obtain a search warrant
  • gives both the ER and the EEs the right to accompany inspections
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8
Q

Citations and Penalties

A
  • may be issued immediately follwing the inspection or later by mail
  • tells the ER and EEs which regs and standards that are violated
  • amt of time allowed for their correction
  • ER must post a copy of each citation at or near the place the violation occurred for 3 days or until the violation is abated - whichever is longer
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9
Q

(3) types of citations/penalties

A
  1. other-than-serious
  2. serious
  3. willful
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10
Q
  • type of citation
  • violation that has a direct relationship to job safety and health but one unlikely to cause death or serious physical harm
A

other-than-serious citation

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11
Q

penalty for other-than-serious citations

A
  • could be as low as $100
  • OSHA may propose a penalty of up to $7,000 for each violation depending on the circumstance
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12
Q
  • type of citation
  • violation for which there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and the ER knew, or should have known, of the hazard
A

serious citation

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13
Q

penalty for serious citations

A
  • avg penalty imposed is $3,000 - $4,000
  • max is $7,000 per violation
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14
Q
  • type of citation
  • violation that the ER intentionally and knowingly commits or ER commits w/ plain indifference to the law
A

willful citation

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15
Q

penalty for willful citation

A
  • penalties of up to $70,000 for each violation or $75,000 per exposed EE for a willful penalty
  • if it results in death: penalties up to $250,000 for an indiv. or $500,000 for a corporation, imprisonment of up to 6 months, or both
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16
Q

OSHA Consultation Assistance

A
  • onsite consultation
  • cooperative programs
    • Alliances
    • Strat. Partnership Progs. (SPPs)
    • Voluntary Protection Progs. (VPPs)
    • Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Prpg. (SHARP)
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17
Q

ONSITE Consultation Assistance

A
  • free
  • help ERs ID hazardous conditions and determine corrective measures
  • ERs may receive training and ed.
  • no citations are issued in connection w/ consultation
  • may qualify ERs for a 1-yr exemption from routine OSHA inspections
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18
Q
  • type of cooperative program consultation assistance
  • enable orgs to collaborate w/ OSHA to prevent injuries and illnesses in the workplace
  • define, implement, and meet a set of S/T and L/T goals to improve workplace health/safety
A

Alliances

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19
Q
  • type of cooperative program consultation assistance
  • L/T agreements b/w ERs and OSHA aimed at reducing serious workplace hazards and achieving a high level of worker health/safety
A

Strategic Partnership Progs. (SPPs)

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20
Q
  • type of cooperative program consultation assistance
  • OSHA’s effort to expand worker protection beyond the min. required OSHA standrads
  • (3) - Star, Merit, and Demonstration - each designed to recognize, motivate, or estab. a cooperative relationship b/w ERs and OSHA
A

Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs)

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21
Q
  • type of cooperative program consultation assistance
  • OSHA certif. prog. that recognizes small ERs w/ exemplary achievements in workplace safety/health
  • exempted from OSHA’s reg. inspections as long as their certif. remain valid
A

Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Prog. (SHARP)

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22
Q

ERs’ Responsibilities and Rights

A
  • provide hazard-free workplace
  • comply w/ the applicable standards
  • must inform all EEs about safety/health requirements of OSHA - listed in OSHA’s publication “All about OSHA”
  • requ’d to keep certain records
  • compile and post an annual summ of work-related injuries and illnesses - compute incident rate
  • provide EEs w/ protective equipment and ensure it is used
  • provide safety training and be prepared to discipline EEs for failing to comply w/ training/rules
  • no discrim. against EEs that exercise their rights to file w/ OSHA
23
Q

this can be used to provide a starting point for analyzing prob. areas, changing the working environment, and motivating personnel to promote safty and health

A

Incident Rate

24
Q

Incident Rate =

of injuries/illnesses per 100 FT EEs per yr

A
  • Can also be used to compute:
    • # of workdays lost b/c of injuries/illnesses
    • # of nonfatal injuries/illnesses w/o lost workdays
    • cases involving only injuries or only illnesses
  • used to compare dept to dept or across different orgs. doing similar work
25
Q

EEs’ Responsibilities and Rights

A
  • must comply w/ all OSHA standards
  • rpt hazardous conditions
  • follow all ER safety/health rules and regs
  • have the right to demand safe and healthy conditions w/o fear of punishment
  • rights to requresting and receiving info about safety/health conditions
  • some states require ERs to provide certain info to EEs about toxic/hazardous chemicals they may be in contact w/
26
Q

laws that require ERs to advise EEs about the hazardous chemicals they handle

A

right-to-know laws

27
Q

evals randomly conducted to determine an EE’s physical, mental, and emotional fitness for a job

A

fitness-for-duty evals

28
Q

Supervisor Role in workplace safety

A
  • comm. to an EE the need to work safely
  • s/b emphasized from the beginning continually
    • proper work procedures, the use of protective clothing and devices, potential hazards s/b explained thoroughly
  • encourage EEs to be proactive in their safety
  • observe EEs at work, reinforce safe practices, and correct behaviors that are unsafe
29
Q

Safety Training Programs

A
  • not only good business, but sometimes required in certain occupations
  • if mandated, ER must keep accurate records of all EEs education - can incur crim. penalties if not
  • any educational tool can be used
  • many advocate for EE involvement
30
Q

ways to engage EEs in Safety Programs

A
  1. jointly set safety standards w/ mgrs
  2. partic. in safety training
  3. help design and implement special safety training progs.
  4. estab. safety incentives and rewards
  5. be involved in accident investigations
31
Q

Investigating and Recording Accidents

A
  • all, even minor ones, s/b reported to super or member of safety committee
  • investigation would more than likely determine factors that led to the accident in hopes to preventing them from happening again
  • OSHA requires ERs with 11 or more EEs must record all incidents
32
Q
  • any occupational death, illness, or injury to be recorded in the log
    • that requires days away from work, restricted work, or transfer to another job, or medical treatment beyond first aid
A

recordable case

(OSHA Form 300)

33
Q

this form requires answers to questions about the injury/illness case

A

Injury and Illness Incident Report

(OSHA Form 301)

34
Q

this summary form must be completed each year and posted in a conspicuous place where notices to EEs are customarily posted

A

Summ of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

(OSHA Form 300A)

35
Q

Safety Hazards and Issues

(most frequent)

A
  • fatigue
  • distracted driving
  • workplace violence
  • workplace emergencies
36
Q

as defined by the Nat’l Instit. for Occupational Safety and Health - any phys assault, threatening behavior, or verbal abuse occurring in the work setting.

A

workplace violence

37
Q

ways to reduce chances of workplace violence

A
  • analyzing the workplace to uncover areas of potential
  • providing violence prevention training throughout the org.
  • having workers team up in pairs rather than working alone and making environmental adjmts
  • havin the HR dept. effectively comm. to a firm’s EEs that it has a zero tolerance policy for violence
38
Q

a plan an org. develops that contains step-by-step procedures for dealing w/ various emergency situations

A

emergency action plan

39
Q

Ergonomics

A
  • ensure that jobs are designed for safe and efficient work while improving the safety, comfort, and perf. of users
  • involves looking at the design of equipment and the physical abilities of the operators who use it
40
Q

keys to successful ergonomics prog.

A
  • provide notice and training for EEs
  • conduct preinjury hazard assessment
  • involve EEs
  • plan and execute
  • file injury reports
  • eval. and assess the ergonomics prog.
41
Q

injuries involving tendons of the fingers, hands, and arms that become inflamed from repeated stresses and strains

A

cumulative trauma disorders

(repetitive motion injuries)

42
Q

computer workstation issues

A
  • visual difficulties - blurred vision, sore eyes, burning and itchy eyes, and glare
  • muscular aches and pains - pains in back, neck, and shoulder
  • job stress - eye stress, postural probs, insufficient training, excessive workloads, adn monotonous work
43
Q

how to minimize the negative effects of computer use on the eyes and body

A
  • place PC screen 4 to 9 inches below eye level
  • keep the monitor directly in front of you
  • sit in adjustable-height chari /w lower back support and w/ feet flat on the floor
  • use shades or blinds to reduce the PC screen glare created by window lighting
  • elbows close to body and supported
  • wrist and hands in-line w/ forearms
44
Q

the purpose of this standard is to ensure the testing and eval. of chemicals by producers and the distrib. of the chemical hazard info to users of the chemical

A

OSHA Hazard Comm. Standard

45
Q
  • docs that contain vital info about hazardous substances
    • potential health risks
    • safe handling practices
    • personal protective equipment needed
    • first aid in the event of an accidnet
    • info ID’g the manufacturer
A

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

46
Q

OSHA - required chem. training includes:

A
  • informing EEs of methods used to detect the presence or release of hazardous chems.
  • physical and health probs posed by hazardous chems
  • ways in which EEs can protect themselves from chem. dangers
47
Q
  • any adjustive demand caused by physical, mental, or emotional factors that requires coping behavior
  • (2) types -
    • Eustress (positive)
    • Distress (negative)
A

stress

48
Q
  • positive stress that accompanies achievement and exhilaration
  • a beneficial force that helps us to forge ahead against obstacles
A

eustress

49
Q
  • harmful stress characterized by a loss of feelings of security and adequacy
  • helplessness, desperation, and disappointment turn stress into this
A

distress

50
Q
  • a severe stage of distress, manifesting itself in depression, frustration, and loss of productivity
  • due to lack of personal fulfillment in the job or a lack of postive feedback about one’s perf.
A

burnout

51
Q

(4) factors that influence EE stress

A
  • High Demand: having too much to do in too short a time
  • High Effort: having to expend too much mental or physical energy over too long a period
  • Low Control: having too littel influence over the way a job is done on a day-to-day basis
  • Low Reward: receiving inadequate feedback on perf. and no recognition for a job well done
52
Q
  • requires fed’l contractors and recipients of fed’l grants to take specific steps to ensure drug-free work environment
  • prep and distrib. of an antidrug policy stmt
A

Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988

53
Q

International Union v. Johnson Controls

A
  • forbids ERs from prohibiting women from holding certain jobs just b/c of potential job-related risks to their fetuses

CMS 1 (10 decks)

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