A5 CO2 Emission Flashcards
Which freight mode contributes the most to CO₂ emissions
Road transport, particularly heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), accounted for 92% of freight-related emissions in 2004 in the Uk
What are the main factors influencing CO₂ emissions from freight transport?
Modal split (road, rail, sea, air).
Vehicle utilization (load factors, empty running).
Energy efficiency of transport operations.
CO₂ intensity of fuel sources.
What is the handling factor, and how does it affect emissions?
he handling factor measures how many times goods are moved before reaching the final destination.
More handling → More transport steps → Higher CO₂ emissions.
How does average haul distance affect CO₂ emissions?
Longer distances = higher emissions.
Why is rail freight an attractive option for reducing CO₂?
Can replace long-haul road freight, reducing congestion and emissions.
What challenges does rail freight face in the UK?
Limited infrastructure – Many businesses lack direct rail connections.
Low capacity – Passenger rail takes priority over freight.
Shorter haul distances – Reduces the benefits of switching from road to rail.
What are the benefits of increasing load factors?
Reducing empty running by just 5% can lower total CO₂ emissions by 4-5%.
Consolidation centers allow multiple shipments to be delivered in fewer trips.
What policy measures can help reduce freight CO₂ emissions?
Freight modal shift incentives (grants for rail/water transport).
Stricter vehicle emission standards.
Road pricing/tax incentives to encourage fuel-efficient transport.
