A292 People Flashcards
Recruitment
The process of selecting and employing staff
External recruitment
Recruiting from outside the business
Internal recruitment
Recruiting from inside the business
Job description
Shows what tasks, skills and qualifications are needed for the job (provided by the business)
May also state what job is needed, how many hours you will work, and what the pay is
Person specification
Shows the type of person the business needs to recruit (provided for u )
States the knowledge, previous experience, qualifications, personal qualities and skills the person will need in order to the job
Cv (curriculum vitae)
An applicant’s record of skills, experience and qualifications (sometimes people can lie)
Why may a business start the recruitment process
- the business could be getting bigger
- staff could have left
- the business may need new skills
How do most selection processes begin by
-advertising the job
You have to advertise in the right place to attract the right applicants e.g if you need a shop keeper in Newcastle you are not gong to advertise in London, are you?
What may applicants be asked for
CVs
References
Letters of support
Short list
The applicants that are most likely to be good at the job are short listed so the business doesn’t have to waste their time interviewing everyone as it is expensive and time lengthy.
These people are shortlisted through their cvs and references and experience
Give a disadvantage of recruiting
- time lengthy
- expensive
- if the candidate is not good enough (either they lied on their Cv or are not worthy of the job) the whole recruitment process would have to start again
In a small business how might the business get to know their applicant
- one to one talks
In a larger business how might the business best know who they are choosing
- they could be presenting in front of a panel
- they could do tests, group or team activities
- presentations
How is recruitment carried out in larger businesses
Human Resources or personnel department will do the recruitment process
How is recruitment carried out in smaller businesses
By the manager or owner
Stages of recruitment
1) Needs analysis (see what job needs doing/what post needs to be filled)
2) advertising the post
3) selecting from the applicants
Why is a job description important
Allows potential candidates to see if they are interested in the job. This will allow only those who are interested in the job to apply -as this will save the business from doing the recruitment process all over again
Why is a person specification important
Allows candidates to see if they have the right skills and knowledge needed for the job, so only those who are interested will apply
This allows the business to easily compare the person the specification and see if they have he right person for the job
What could be on an advert
- pay
- hours of work
- location of job
- contact details (where to apply)
- maybe qualification or skills needed
- business name
Where to advertise depends on:
-the type of workers required
-the number of workers required
-the type of work
The amount of money the business has to advertise
Where to advertise …
Local newspaper
- contains a jobs page where locals would know to look in
- not expensive
- jobs such as hairdressers would be posted this way
Where to advertise….
National newspaper
- May have sections or even supplements for advertising jobs
- more expensive than local newspaper
- often used to recruit skilled workers from all over the country
Where to advertise...
Specialist magazines (for science jobs etc..)- includes specialist articles that interest particular types of workers
- often used for recruiting highly skilled specialists such as scientists and engineers
Wheee to advertise….
Job centre
- centres run by the government
- often free to advertise here
- often used to recruit semi-skilled or unskilled workers such as cleaners
Where to advertise
The internet
- there are different types of websites that businesses could use to to advertise job
- cheap
- used by lots of people
- used for lots of jobs
Where to advertise ….
Word of mouth
- when people in that job mention that workers are needed they can let people know
- very commonly used
What is a recruitment agency and what do they do
- Does all of the recruitment or selection for a business (or may provide a short list)
- they are specialist organisations
- knowledge of where to advertise and how to select
- it saves business time
- they however charge a fee
What is an employment agency and what they do
- keep lists of people who are willing to do work
- the firm pays the worker and the agency also gets a payment
- can be good if you need temporary workers- fast way to find staff
- saves time in the recruitment work
- jobs are temporary
How can internal recruitment be good (advantages)
- easy and cheap to advertise post needed
- quicker
- person will already know the organisation (so the business trusts them)
- organisation is confident they know they are employing
- good for morale of existing workers- a chance of promotion for them
When is external recruitment appropriate
- when no-one in the organisation can do the job
- when someone with new skills/ideas/experience is needed
- when more workers are needed than the business currently employs
- high level position needed
How can the business make sure they have the best applicants
- references
- CV
- get in contact with past employers
- test their skills (do tests)
Letter of application
Letter written by the applicant saying why they believe they are suitable for the job
Advantage
-shows a persons communication skills
CV
The applicant writes out person details such as: address, qualifications, employment history and names of references
Advantage
- shows that ability of the applicant to organise information
- easy to see essential details at a glance
Application form
Applicants provide information in answer to question on a form
Advantage
-firm can make sure all applicants supply the same information so they can make comparisons
References
Someone who knows the applicant well describes personal qualities of the applicant, what work they did and how well they did it, their punctuality and attendance is important too
Advantages
-references can be honest assessments that can recommend whether a person should be appointed or not
Tests
Ahah
Interviews
Haha
Presentations
Nah
Psychometric tests
Hah
Why would a firm carry out an interview
- To see what the candidate has to offer the company
- they can asses the interviewee’s personality
The firm would look at:
- communication skills
- attitude to work
- ability to use initiative
How could the candidate benefit from the interview
- candidates get a chance to find more about the company and the role, such as:
- working conditions
- salary
- training
- facilities
- job security
Advantages to interviewing
- interviewer can directly compare candidates
- they can see how candidates act under pressure
- the company can assess the interviewee’s body language and general appearance
Disadvantages to interviewing
- candidates may be nervous so may not act confidentially or naturally
- because of this the interviewer may not see the best in the candidate i.e. Discrimination
- just because someone performs just as well in the interview it doesn’t mean they are good at the job
What is body language
The way someone presents themselves especially in an interview can say a lot about them
Your body can betray what your feelings are at the interview. Different candidates will give different impressions to the interview panel by the way they behave in the interview
How should interviewees prepare
- get a suitable outfit planned
- think about what you may be asked and prepare
- make sure you look clean
- think about how you are going to get there and prepare your time
- have a positive attitude
What interviewers must do
- need to find out who is best for the job-which is an important decision
- cannot discriminate in any way
- sensible questions (everyone is asked the same)
Good questions interviewer can ask
- why do you want the job
- what makes you think you are suitable for the job
- are you experienced in this kind of job
Good questions interviewee can ask
-what training will be provided
What is training
Training is about developing the knowledge, skills and abilities of workers
The importance of training
- people will know what they will be doing -makes them more productive and effective at their job
- they will understand the procedures and facilities
- ensures safety
What is staff appraisal
When a line manager assesses the work of somebody he/she is responsible for.
They may discuss targets for the worker to achieve and training that is needed.
What happened at least once a year with staff appraisal
-an employee (the appraisee) will meet meet with his/her boss (the appraiser.)
Together they will discuss the performance of the employee
What is investors in people
Are a scheme by which quality of staff training and development in a business can be recognised by an outside organisation
What is lifelong learning
- The idea that workers will need to keep learning different skills during their working lives.
- The government has been encouraging workers to learn throughout their lives (lifelong learning)
What is motivation
- Motivation is a persons desire to carry out a fast
- motivating someone involves getting them to work to do the task
What motivates people at work
- money
- promotion
- self-satisfaction
- raise or bonus in salary
- rewards- praise/certificates
You cannot force someone to do the work because they won’t do it
What are the three types of motivation factors
- Monetary methods (money)
- non-monetary methods (not using money)
- leadership
Possible consequences of poor motivation
- the business gains a poor reputation and cannot recruit staff
- poor quality of work
- low quantity of work
- high staff turnover
Monetary methods of motivation include:
- time rate
- overtime pay
- salary
- piece rate
- commission
- bonus
- profit sharing
- fringe benefits or perks
Non-monetary methods of motivation
- fear
- job rotation
- job enrichment
- team work
- award schemes
- promotion
- job enlargement
What is fear
- involves threats such as being told off or being sacked
- not a good motivator in the long run
What is job rotation
- workers may move between different jobs during the day/week/month e.g. Simple jobs on a production line
- may however move from one boring job to another
What is job enlargement
- give workers different/additional tasks to do
- some variety for the worker but no extra responsibility
What is job enrichment
- give the worker more responsibility
- e.g make and check for quality
- worker is often trained to improve their skills to deal with extra responsibility
What is team working and team building
- put workers in teams according to ability
- people do not often want to let other team members down
- some teams can be given responsibility for what they do- empowerment to make decisions
- may have social events or go on team building activities
What are award schemes
When the work of an employee is recognised in some way and so they are given a reward like employee of the month
Meets the self esteem of workers
What is promotion
Giving a worker promotion recognises their achievements and may motivate them and others to continue to work hard
How can the environment motivate people to work hard
Is the workplace warm,safe,cold, is there light, is it comfortable.
This can motivate workers as this would make them feel happy to work
How can leadership motivate people to work hard
Is the leader nice? Workers would be motivated if the leader engages the employee and makes them work hard
What is democratic leadership
When workers are allowed to discuss ideas and plans with the leader
They have a chance to influence the leaders decision on something
Advantages of democratic leadership
- workers opinions and ideas would he listen to making them work hard
- opinions valued
- positive work environment created; everyone is happy and work well together
In democratic leadership workers have the same amount of … (why)
Responsibility because the everyone gets a say and everyones opinions are listened to
Disadvantages of democratic leadership
- decision making process may take a long time as all workers must be consulted as they are treated equally
- may make workers not work hard as their idea might not get listened to
Jobs where democratic leadership is used
- office work
- pharmacy
- high tech firms
- accountancy
What famous person was a democratic leader
President Obama
What is autocratic leadership
When the leader makes all the decisions and the workers have little or no say in the decision making
Advantages of autocratic leadership
- allows managers and leaders to make quick decisions and act quickly upon them
- could prevent business failing as workers would be pushed to work hard
- reduced stress for workers as manager has to make decisions
Disadvantages of autocratic leadership
If workers are always being told what to do then they will not be motivated to work hard which could affect business
jobs where autocratic leadership is appropriate
where control is vital (emergency services) -army -hospital -fireservices
gave an example of a person who was an autocratic leader
hitler
