A200 Block 1 Unit 4 Flashcards
Piety and pilgrimages
Piety adjudged by compliance to rules of devotion, money donated bribe) for masses to hasten heaven for dead, cities benefit from pilgrims, Kings taxed pilgrims for permission to travel
Proxy pilgrimages - paying someone else to do it for you. Earl of Warwick’s pilgrimage to Jerusalem, line drawing ‘pageant of the birth, life and death of Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, commissioned by Anne Neville
Orthodox Beliefs - the Catholic Church
Catholic Church, (means universal) trinity father, son, Holy Ghost, Virgin Mary, apostles succession via Holy Ghost, Pope, transubstantiation wine to blood bread to body, parishes and guilds
Purgatory (cannot admit immediately) and good works, charity, pilgrimages, jubilee year, selling indulgences, church furniture tells people what they should believe
Church used notaries and ceremony to coin in money from parishioners
Heresies and Paganism
An age of Christian Orthodoxy (operating outside of accepted beliefs as defined by popes etc., a heresy that is condemned by The Church)
Heresies and inquisition - The Cathars (Albigensians) two deities good and evil, God and Satan, dualism, spiritual versus physical, elite parfait and credentes (believers), Languedoc, crushed by Catholic nobility by 1325
Waldensian heresy, Waldo of Lyons, puritanical, sold possessions regard Catholic Church as corrupt, wanted primitive simplicity of early church, sect assaulted 1480-1580
Hussites (Jan Hus) Bohemia, brought to Constance in 1414, condemned as a heretic refused to recant, asked scriptural evidence and executed 1415
For heretics ‘The Consistent Word of God’ not what the Catholic Church said it was, was all
Heresies and Paganism - The rest of the heretics
Ditto Lollards ( John Wycliffe) England - vernacular scriptures, hated worship of Virgin Mary, Sir John Oldcastle leader, revolt crushed, lay movement Coventry a centre, working class base, Joan Warde burned to death during purge, another group burned to death 1520
Pre cursors of Protestantism?
Conciliar Movement - General Councils of The Church
1378 - 1417 two Popes?
Cardinals council at Pisa 1409, Synod of Constance 1414-1418, asserted supremacy (saw themselves as having ultimate authority) of ecumenical synods, challenging to the Pope, deposed three of them and brought in a new one pope to obey general council in matters of faith,
Defeated by re emergence of papal power at the end of the 15th C
Secular rulers ambivalent, wanted to control ecclesiastical appoints and the tax this brought in
Control of The Church, dynasty is all and Burgundian nepotism
Sovereignty in kingdoms divided between church and state, power = influence, wealth and land, dynasty not patriotism was important
Territorial and ecclesiastical relationship symbiotic, Bishop of Liege was its Ruler, Philip the Good has his nephew Louis de Bourbon made Bishop of Liege, subjects rebel, crushed via 4 Burgundian campaigns and city sacked by Charles the Bold - Dukes show secular power and church protection
The Great Schism
1303 Philip the IV takes Pope Boniface VIII captive who was about to excommunicate him
Avignon - French puppet Pope 1305-1378, , Clement VII MADE POPE IN Avignon, Urban VI made Pope in Rome two popes until 1417 - The Great Schism
Monarchs claim the right to make senior ecclesiastical appointments and to tax the clergy, Popes contest this hence conflict
Popes and Rulers, taxes and appointments - Martin and The game of chess
Constant to and fro between popes and rulers as to who controlled ecclesiastical appointments/taxes popes play a diplomatic game (an elaborate game of chess) with rulers e.g. Henry V rewarded by Pope Martin V for support during council of Constance
Philip’s Windfall
Philip the Good and the Papacy - Pope Eugenius IV and the Council of Basel 1431, Pope dissolves council after conflict but council says it cannot be dissolved in this way. Philip continues to support Eugenius and receives several rewards for family e.g. Right to appoint beneficent, illegitimate brother to become Bishop of Cambridge etc.
Relatives rented out, sod the church listen to me, gimme gimme gimme
Royal relatives appointed to church posts was a cheap way of paying for loyal service to the sovereign and supporting illegitimate offspring e.g. Philip the Good’s half bother Jehan and illegitimate son David
England invokes Praemunire to prevent legal appeals to Pope outside of England- preventing foreign influence
Sovereigns wanted to shape subjects’ religious beliefs - not a private matter
Church rich and monarchs wanted to levy taxes on it
