A151 Book 1 Approaches

Question 0

New way

Answer 0

Cultural relativism, contextual, within place and culture, dioramas, participant observation, direct study, psychological and physical, ethnographic, anthropological

Franz Boas, Bronislav Malinowski, Early to mid 20th C

Biographies of things, objects representative of ideas, contextual, object driven

Classification, describing and interpreting objects - these actions mediate how we perceive objects

Question 1

Old way

Answer 1

Normative principal, culture as shared ideas, unilinear cultural evolution

Typological, Linnaean Taxonomy - hierarchical, seriation, laying out, natural selection, object centred, material culture, object centred

Lieutenant General Pitt Rivers (late 19th early 20th), Lubbock, Flinders Petrie

Colonial, national, supremacy of Europe - PROBLEM - it ‘flattened cultures out - assumed same progression’

Question 2

Context

Ethnographic approach

Archeological approach

Object centred

Object driven

Answer 2

Items, ideas, physical circumstances surrounding object - opposite - without context

Colour, parts, size, shape, identify, function, decoration

Broken artefacts, a specific layer, stratigraphy, superposition, provenance

The evidence it can provide of itself - ancient history

Used, living, kula, Kabyle

Question 3

Attic pots

Meander’s house

Answer 3

Red figure attic 6c BCE, black figure Corinth 7c BCE, white slip, bi-lingual

Oxidisation - reduction - oxidisation - sinter

Beazley 20th c, Morellian method -artist’s finger prints - Shanks disputes

House - 1st C BCE POMPEII Pliny the younger