A2 Population And Migration Flashcards
Crude birth rate
Total number of live births per thousand of the population per year
Adv - simple widely used
Disadv - takes no account of age or gender composition of the population
General fertility rate
Records total number of live births per thousand women in the normal reproductive age groups (15-44 years) per year
Adv - more reliable measure than crude birth rate, as only deals with the female population in a specific age group
Total fertility rate
Records the average number of children a woman will have during her reproductive years, assuming she will live to the end of her reproductive life
TFR lower in MEDCS than LEDCS so more reliable measure of development
Age specific fertility rate
Number of live birds per thousand women within specific age bands per year.
Adv - reliable indicator of the status of women in society eg in LEDCS women have children at early ages
Net reproduction rate (NRR)
Average number of daughters born per woman
An NNR of 1 means that a population is replacing itself
Crude death rate
Measures total number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
Adv- simple and widely used
Disadvantage -This measure takes no account of the age of death as it relates to the total population
Age specific mortality rate
Number of deaths per thousand of the population within specific age bands per year.
Adv - good indicator of lifestyle deaths
Disadv - often used by insurance companies to calculate risk of death to specific age groups
Infant mortality rates
Number of deaths per thousand children in the first year of life.
This is a variation of the age specific mortality rate but only records the number of deaths of children who die within the first year of life. Excludes stillbirths.
Useful indicator to use when comparing levels of development between countries.
Maternal mortality rates (MMR)
Records the number of maternal deaths per hundred thousand live births
Reliable indicator of development
Definition of natural change
Percentage net gain or loss to a population each year based on the difference between birth and death rates.
2 measures discussed: replacement rate and doubling time
Replacement rate
Number of new births needed to maintain current numbers in a population assuming there is no migration.
Total fertility rate of 2.1 is most commonly used figure.
Countries with a TFR of 2.1 or less will show decrease in population.
Doubling time
Number of years that it will take a population to double if current rates of natural increase are maintained
