A14 Flashcards
Weight of dairy calves
40-50 kg
Which stomach is the most important in newborn calves?
Abomasum. The milk does not need to be fermented, so it will go directly to the abomasum through a canal.
How many types of rearing is there, and what are they?
2
- Traditional = beef calves
- Liquid/Artificial = dairy cows
How early and how much should the calf get colostrum?
Within 2 hours of life, the calf should consume 4L of colostrum
How much colostrum within the first 2 days?
They should consume 8-10L/Day, divided into 4 feeds
How much colostrum should be consumed for the 1st week?
35 liters
A disadvantage of a traditional rearing method:
Waste of milk that could be sold, unbalanced nutrition balance for the calves
Advantage of artificial rearing method:
Better milk produciton by the cow
Early weaning of calves
Difference between colostrum and “normal milk”
Normal milk: richer in lactose
Colostrum: Richer in Fat, 4xmore protein, 4xmore magnesium, vitamins.
Colostrum contains immunoglobulin, providing immunity.
What is the tube/canal going directly to the abomasum called?
Oesophageal groove reflex
WRONG
ITS AN REFKEX WHERE THE ANIMAL JS EAGER FOR MILK
Optimal temperature of milk replacer:
body temperature.
What happens if the milk replacer is not optimal temperature?
The milk replacer reaches the rumen instead, causing chronic tympany = gas accumulation
How long until the rumen is larger than abomasum?
At 4 weeks the rumen is larger, but is not fully developed until approx 12 weeks
What does the milk replacer contain?
skim milk powder
whey
soy protein
fat
How much milk would you give a calf that is 10-21 days old?
6L/day 2-3 times/day
How much milk would you give a calf that is 122-56 days old?
6L/Day
2xday
How much milk would you give a calf that is 57-70 days old?
7-5L/Day
Slowly decreasing
How much would you give in the last week?
3L/Day
2xDay
At what age would you introduce pellets and hay?
Week 2
What type of feed would you start on calf?
Calf-starter pellets and high quality hay
How much CP in calf starter?
18-19% CP
CP and CF of hay to calf
CP high
CF low (20%)
Water requirements of a 1month old calf
8-10L/Day
Water requirements of a 2month old calf
10-15 L/day
When is the calf weaned?
at day 60-90
Kg of weaning calf:
80-110 kg
We measure the feed calf eat, how much should it be eating before we can start weaning?
1.5kg/day dry feed
0.8 kg should be concentrates
How long after weaning do we change feed and to what?
1 week post-weaning
Start to give grower diet
What is the CP of the grower diet in calves?
CP=16-17%
Concentrate and forage intake of 1month old calf
0.15-02 kg concentrate
0.1-0.15 kg forage
Concentrate and forage intake of 2month old calf
0.6-0.8 kg concentrate
0.3-0.4 kg forage
Concentrate and forage intake of 3month old calf
1.5-1.8 kg concentrate
0.8-1 kg forage
How old is the calf post-weaning and how much feed would you give?
5-6 months old
2-2.5 kg concentrate + roughage
What is the goal of body weight gain daily?
800 gr/Day
BW of post weaned calf:
180-200 kg
