A1.2.2 Components of a nucleotide Flashcards
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
What is the structure of a phosphate group?
A phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms, represented as $PO_4^{3-}$.
Which nitrogenous base is exclusive to RNA?
Uracil (U).
Name the pyrimidines.
Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U).
What role do nucleotides play besides being structural components?
They play crucial roles in energy transfer and cell signaling.
What forms the backbone of DNA/RNA?
Phosphate groups through phosphodiester bonds.
What are the base pairing rules in RNA?
A pairs with U and C pairs with G.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate, a nucleoside triphosphate made of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
Name the purines.
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G).
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose.
What are the types of nucleosides based on phosphate groups?
Nucleoside Monophosphate, Nucleoside Diphosphate, and Nucleoside Triphosphate.
How many hydrogen bonds are between A and T/U?
Two hydrogen bonds.
How many hydrogen bonds are between C and G?
Three hydrogen bonds.
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose.
Which nitrogenous base is exclusive to DNA?
Thymine (T).
What are the two classes of nitrogenous bases?
Purines and pyrimidines.
What is a nucleotide?
The fundamental building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom at the 2’ carbon position compared to ribose.
